1. Cell Biology & Cancer Objective 4
What can improve personal and
public health?
Knowledge

2. Seek knowledge so you can make good choices.
Reduce exposure to Risk factors
Early detection
Awareness of treatment options
Prevention

3. Risk Factors We Can Control
~Excessive exposure to UV radiation
especially for those with fair complexion
~Occupational exposure to substances like
coal tar, creosote, arsenic compounds &
radium
~Poor nutrition & improper body weight
~Risky sexual behavior
~Substance abuse
~Prolonged exposure to stress

4. Risk Factors We Cannot Control
~ Aging (Which is one of the biggest risk factor)
~ Males are more likely than females to develop cancer
~ Heredity (Inherited Predisposition)

5. Early Detection Cancer remains the 2nd leading cause of
death in the United States.
Cancer is a multi-stage disease.
The earlier stages of the disease are now
more manageable and curable.

6. Breast cancer screening
The type and frequency of breast cancer
screening that is best for you changes as you
age.
Ages 18 to 39: You should have a clinical breast exam every 3 years. If you have a high risk for developing breast cancer, talk to your health professional about when to begin having annual mammograms.
Ages 40 to 69: Annual clinical breast exams are recommended by all experts for women in this age group.

7. Cervical cancer screening
The Pap test is the most effective screening test for cervical
cancer and is often part of a pelvic exam.
Testing should start within 3 years of a
woman beginning sexual intercourse,
whatever age that may be, but no later than
21 years of age.
Women older than 30 should have different
screening recommendations based on their risk
factors.

8. Testicular and Prostate cancer screening
The American Cancer Society (ACS) recommends that all men between the ages of 15 and 40 have a testicular exam as part of a regular physical exam by their health
professionals.
Prostate exams are part of regular physical exams which
should be done annually.
A blood test called PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) is available now and can detect the presence of prostate cancer earlier than physical exam. It is generally recommended for men over age 50 or those with risk factors for the disease.

9. Skin cancer screening
Screening guidelines from the American Cancer Society and other expert groups recommend that adults older than 40 have their skin checked by a health professional at least once a year, as well as during any other health exam.

10. People of all ages should get to know their skin.
Skin self-exam is a good way to detect early
skin changes that may indicate melanoma,
because most primary melanomas are
easily seen on the surface of the skin.
Skin cancer often appears on the trunk of
men and on the legs of women.

11. Colon and rectal cancer screening
After age 50 the recommendations include
annual screening of stool for occult blood.
Colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy and/or barium enema once every 5 years or as
recommended by your health professional.

12. Awareness of Treatment Options
Seek education and stay current about new
research and discoveries on your own by
reading, listening and asking questions.

13. Do eat, sleep and exercise like you should !
Prevention
Do eat, sleep and exercise like you should !
Don’t do all the things you know you shouldn't !