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RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 12 Review

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Presentation on theme: "RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 12 Review"— Presentation transcript:

1 RNA, DNA, & Proteins Chapter 12 Review

2 Another name for protein synthesis
translation Sugar used to make DNA dexoyribose

3 Process of making a DNA copy
replication Nitrogen base with 1 ring such as cytosine and thymine pyrimidine Organism whose cells have a nucleus eukaryote

4 Three sequential nucleotides in an mRNA molecule that code for a
Process in which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA transcription Three sequential nucleotides in an mRNA molecule that code for a specific amino acid codon Organism without a nucleus prokaryote

5 Nitrogen base with 2 rings like adenine and guanine
Purine Subunit composed of a sugar, nitrogen base, and a phosphate group used to make DNA and RNA nucleotide

6 Group of three nucleotide bases on a t-RNA molecule that are
Coiled DNA and proteins that are spread out in the nucleus of non-dividing cells chromatin Group of three nucleotide bases on a t-RNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon anticodon

7 Tightly packed DNA and proteins that
are “scrunched up” into rod-shaped bundles in dividing cells chromosomes Process of making proteins from an RNA message Translation (protein synthesis)

8 What is CHARGAFF’S RULE?
G = C Image from:

9 Type of RNA that carries DNA code
from the nucleus out to the cytoplasm Messenger RNA Segment of DNA that codes for a protein gene

10 Bead-like structures that form when DNA wraps around histones
Protein molecule around which DNA is wrapped to form a nucleosome in chromatin histone Bonds between nitrogen bases that hold the 2 DNA strands together Hydrogen bonds Bead-like structures that form when DNA wraps around histones nucleosome

11 Type of RNA that matches its
anticodon and attaches the correct amino acid to the growing protein chain during protein synthesis Transfer RNA Structures found in the cytoplasm made of rRNA and proteins where protein synthesis happens Ribosomes

12 Type of RNA that combines with proteins to make ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA Sugar found in RNA molecules ribose

13 Macromolecule made by joining nucleotide subunits together
Nucleic acid (DNA & RNA)

14 Macromolecule made by joining amino
acid subunits together protein

15 Name the woman scientist whose X-ray images of DNA helped James Watson
and Francis Crick figure out the structure of DNA ROSALYN FRANKLIN

16 Double stranded Single stranded Deoxyribose sugar Ribose sugar
Tell 2 ways DNA is different from RNA DNA RNA Double stranded Single stranded Deoxyribose sugar Ribose sugar A,T,C,G A,U,C,G No Uracil No thymine Contains genetic code Carries code from Stays in nucleus nucleus to cytoplasm Helps with protein synthesis

17 Making a DNA copy = _____________ Using DNA code to
make an RNA = ___________________ Using an RNA message to make a protein = _______________ replication transcription translation

18 JAMES WATSON & FRANCIS CRICK
Name the two scientists received the Nobel prize for “figuring out” the structure of DNA JAMES WATSON & FRANCIS CRICK

19 DNA → DNA = _____________ DNA → RNA = ___________________
RNA → protein = _______________ replication transcription translation

20 Name this subunit used to build nucleic acids like DNA & RNA
If this was going to make RNA what sugar would be used? Which nitrogen base could NOT be used? Image by: Riedell NUCLEOTIDE ribose THYMINE

21 Name this subunit used to build nucleic acids like DNA & RNA
If this was going to make DNA what sugar would be used? Which nitrogen base could NOT be used? Image by: Riedell NUCLEOTIDE deoxyribose URACIL

22 Tell what nitrogen base these letters stand for
_____________ = C ______________ = T ______________ = U ADENINE GUANINE CYTOSINE THYMINE URACIL

23 Sugar and phosphates Which molecules make up the
backbone (sides of ladder) in a DNA molecule? Sugar and phosphates Image from:

24 Nitrogen bases with 2 rings are called ______________
Purines G © Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved

25 DNA that is condensed in the nucleus of
© Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved Nucleosome Chromosome DNA double helix Coils Supercoils Histones DNA that is condensed in the nucleus of dividing cells so it can be transported easily is called _______________ CHROMOSOMES

26 Nitrogen bases with 1 ring are called ______________
Pyrimidines T © Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved

27 Hydrogen _____________ bonds
between nitrogen bases hold the two strands together. Hydrogen Image from:

28 Which protein does DNA wrap around to form nucleosomes?
© Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved Coils Histones HISTONES

29 © Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall
© Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved Chromosome DNA double helix Coils Supercoils Histones What are the small bead-like bundles called that form when DNA scrunches into chromosomes? nucleosomes

30 Name the 3 kinds of RNA RIBOSOMAL TRANSFER MESSENGER
Combines with proteins to form ribosomes Matches m-RNA codon to add correct amino acids during protein synthesis carries code from DNA to ribosomes TRANSFER MESSENGER rRNA and t-RNA images from © Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved mRNA image from

31 _______________ are changes in the genetic material.
MUTATIONS Tell something that can cause mutations. Mistakes in copying DNA Radiation Chemicals in environment

32 KINDS OF MUTATIONS Mutations that produce changes in a single gene = ______________________ Mutations that produce changes in whole chromosomes = _____________________ GENE MUTATIONS CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS

33 DNA that is spread out in the nucleus of
© Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved Nucleosome Chromosome DNA double helix Coils Supercoils Histones DNA that is spread out in the nucleus of non-dividing cells so the code can be read is called _______________ CHROMATIN

34 Name the 3 kinds of RNA RIBOSOMAL TRANSFER MESSENGER
rRNA and t-RNA images from © Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved mRNA image from

35 codon Amino acid NUCLEUS m-RNA amino acid ribosome t-RNA A= _________
F= _____________ G = __________________ m-RNA amino acid ribosome t-RNA codon Amino acid Images modified from © Pearson Education Inc, publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved

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