1. Deviance & Crime

2. Deviance A behavior that violates significant norms
Can be criminal or non-criminal
Examples:
Talking to yourself loudly in public
Drag racing
Using illegal drugs
Cross-dressing
Assault with a deadly weapon

3. Changes in deviance
Deviance has changed throughout history and culture
Divorce used to be considered deviant in the US but has become accepted by society.
In the Philippines, divorce is illegal

4. Stigma
A mark of social disgrace that sets the deviant apart from the rest of society
Examples:
In ancient Greece, they would burn or cut signs into the bodies of criminals in order to warn others of their deviance
Prison inmates have dress codes and numbers that must be worn daily

5. More examples of stigma
Hester Prynne and her “scarlet letter”.
During the Holocaust, they would tattoo the Jews and other non-Aryans in the concentration camps. And/or they would have badges denoting their status.

8. Functions of Deviance Clarifying Norms Deviance serves to define norms
How do we know what’s wrong until someone else does it?
We know what society accepts or doesn’t by people pushing the limits

9. Functions of Deviance Unifying the Group
Serves as a way for a community to bond
Separates the conformers from the non-conformers or “outsiders”

10. Functions of Deviance Diffusing Tension
In some cases, minor acts of deviance serves as a safety valve.
It allows people to act out and get out tension and stress

11. Functions of Deviance Promoting Social Change
When large numbers of people violate a particular norm, it usually means that something needs to be changed in society
Example: people who strike in order to change working conditions

12. Functions of Deviance Providing Jobs
Because deviance exists, it requires people to control it
Police, lawyers, judges, prison workers, etc
All these people help control an important part of society

13. Crime Three parts to what defines a crime are:
Any act that is labeled as such by those in authority
Is prohibited by law
Is punishable by the government

14. Types of Crimes Violent Crimes
Make up a small percentage of the population
Examples: murder, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault
Occurs every 22 seconds in the US
Every 2 minutes, someone is sexually assaulted in the US
Most victims of violent crimes are African American

15. Types of Crimes Crimes against property
Examples: burglary, larceny (theft other than auto), car theft, arson, tagging
Involve stealing someone else’s property or intentionally damaging it
Rate of larceny and burglary has declined since the 1990’s

16. Types of Crimes Victimless Crimes
Examples: prostitution, illegal gambling, illegal drug use, vagrancy
“victimless” because they supposedly harm no one but the person committing the act

17. Types of Crimes White-collar crimes
Describes offenses committed by individuals of high social status in the course of their professional lives
Examples: misrepresentation, fraud, tax evasion, embezzlement, price-fixing, toxic pollution, insider trading, political corruption
Cost the US over $300 billion each year
FBI Most Wanted - White Collar Crimes

18. Money Laundering & Fraud
Martha Stewart
Obstruction of Justice & Conspiracy
Bernie Madoff
Fraud
Convicted to 150 years in prison

19. Types of Crimes Organized Crime
Crime syndicate – a large scale organization of professional criminals that controls some vice or business through violence or threat of violence
Operate in many areas of business including legal businesses often as “fronts” for their criminal activities

20. Types of Crimes They reinvest their money through legal channels
Examples:
drug trafficking
illegal gambling
unfair labor practices
hijacking of merchandise
loan-sharking (lending money at very high interest rates)
FBI — Famous Cases & Criminals