1. The Indoor Air Quality in a Multi-garage
Katarzyna Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk
Białystok University of Technology, Department of Heat Engineering, POLAND
Introduction
The experimental studies
The emission from vehicles could be dangerous. CO2 and CO from the flue gas are not neutral for health.
CO2 and CO are emitted during the combustion of fuels and appears in the mixture. The mixture is heavier than air, so it could be dangerous for small children and animals.
Table provides a summary different country codes and standards for ventilation in enclosed parking garages. The recommendations for the CO exposure limits are not consistent between various regulations.
The measuring equipment was located at the height of 1.0 m, because it is an average level of children exposure to hazardous pollutants. The measurements were performed for 1 week.
The CO concentration does not meet Polish standards, European standards WHO are not exceeded.
The amplitude of the concentration changes cyclically day by day in a week period so the profile in the tested garage was described. For other garages, analysis however it would be necessary to create a new profile as it depends on local characteristic (the city size, garage location, number of garages, people habits etc).
The most visible is a huge change in parameters in the morning caused by the exhaust fans activation, causing a vacuum inside the garage.
The results show that influences of day are significant at the beginning of the weekend.
Country
Time [h]
CO concentration [ppm]
Ventilation
ASHRAE 8 9
7.6 [l/s m2] 1 35
Finland 30
2.7 [l/s m2]
0.25 75
France
0.33
100
165 [l/s car]
Netherlands
0.5
200 -
U.K. 50
6-10 [h-1]
300
Poland 26
7 [h-1]
158 UE
400
Conclusion
The investigation of air quality in a multi-garage showed the acceptable CO and CO2 values. All of the recorded measurements data of CO2 and CO concentration were below the maximum recommended values (CO2 – 1000 ppm, CO ppm). The results show that influences of air temperature and humidity are not significant in contrast to the cars work and movement frequency.
The results of calculations helped to determine the value of air supply and exhaust streams, fans size and the time when the mechanical ventilation should work. The fans with CO sensor regulation were recommended. It is important because that for car park ventilation it is possible to use different fans at the supply and/or exhaust ends or unidirectional fans with reversible air flow duct designs and proper ventilation system design may potentially cut half the fan energy use in comparison with the conventional supply/exhaust ventilation.
There is a necessity for such studies for different types of underground garages (under large shopping centers, residential buildings, offices) and enclosed garages in single family houses where the garages are often located next to the boiler rooms emitting pollutants the same as garages, such as CO2 and CO.
The aim of the study is to determine the optimum operating conditions of mechanical ventilation in a multi-garage. The correct definition of operational parameters of mechanical ventilation will allow the rationalization of energy consumption and maintain good indoor air parameters in the garage.
The garage characteristic
The analysis of air quality and a ventilation system efficiency in a multi garage in a residential building in Warsaw, Poland was conducted. The tested building has 36 parking spaces.
There was natural supply ventilation and mechanical exhaust one. The External air supply was carried out by 14 supply grates located in the external wall of the garage. The exhaust system consisted of pipes and 4 exhaust fans located on the roof of a residential building. There were 18 exhaust grates located both under the ceiling and next to the floor. Approximately 30% of the total airflow was drawn downwards.
This scientific project was financed within the framework of science research funds at Białystok University of Technology S/WBIIŚ/04/2014.
Białystok University of Technology, Department of Heat Engineering, Wiejska 45E Białystok, POLAND, ,