1. Bell Ringer: Name the organelles: Digests waste in the cell –
2. Manages the cell –
3. Lines up the Spindle Fibers and controls cell division –
4. Converts sugar to ATP energy
5. Packages proteins

2. Bell Ringer:
Name the organelles: 1. Digests waste in the cell - lysosomes 2. Manages the cell - nucleus 3. Lines up the Spindle Fibers and controls cell division - centrioles 4. Converts sugar to ATP energy - mitochondria 5. Packages proteins – ribosomes (free or attached to ER)

3. Animal Cell 1. Ribosome (attached) 12. 2. Ribosome (free) Nucleolus
11. 3.
Nucleus
Cell
Membrane
10.
Nuclear
Envelope
(membrane) 4.
Mitochondria 5.
Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum 9.
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum 6.
Centrioles 8.
Golgi Complex
Lysosomes 7.

4. Joke of the Day:

5. DNA and Protein Synthesis Replication/Transcription/Translation

6. Terms
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid

7. Anatomy of DNA DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid
1. Nucleotide: (monomer) Building block of DNA.
Consists of Nitrogenous base, phosphate group, and sugar

8. Anatomy of DNA DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid
Read in groups of 3 nucleotide (bases) called TRIPLET CODE
1. Nucleotide: Building block of DNA. Consists of Nitrogenous base, phosphate group, and sugar
2. 4 nitrogenous bases:
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine

9. Terms DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid
1. Nucleotide: Building block of DNA. Consists of Nitrogenous base, phosphate group, and sugar
2. 4 nitrogenous bases: Chargraff’s Rule
Adenine A-T
Thymine G-C
Guanine
Cytosine

10. Replication
a. To make an exact copy of DNA so during cell division both cells are the same b. Occurs in the nucleus during S phase of cell cycle.

11. Protein Synthesis 1st Step:
Transcription: 1. RNA polymerase unzips DNA and reads one side of DNA strand
2. mRNA is formed. (messenger)
mRNA: single stranded mirror image of DNA

12. Protein Synthesis
Transcription: 1. RNA polymerase unzips DNA and reads one side of DNA strand
2. mRNA is formed. (single stranded) (messenger)
mRNA: single stranded mirror image of DNA
Codon: Series of 3 mRNA nucleotides(bases)

13. Protein Synthesis
Transcription: 1. RNA polymerase unzips DNA and reads one side of DNA strand
2. mRNA is formed. (single stranded) (messenger)
mRNA: single stranded mirror image of DNA
Codon: Series of 3 mRNA nucleotides(bases)
Uracil: RNA’s version of Thymine
(DNA has “T”. RNA has “U”.)
DNA Strand - ATCG
mRNA compliment - UAGC

14. Protein Synthesis
2nd Step: Translation Decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain (protein)

15. Protein Synthesis
2nd Step: Translation Decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain (protein) - this happens at a ribosome (rRNA) - tRNA translates the mRNA message

16. Protein Synthesis
2nd Step: Translation Decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain (protein) - this happens at a ribosome (rRNA) - tRNA translates the mRNA message - tRNA carry amino acids that are fused together with a peptide bond to form a protein

17. Protein Synthesis 2nd Step:
Translation Decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain (protein)
Anticodon: series of 3 tRNA nucleotide (bases)
Ex- mRNA (codon) - AUGC
tRNA (anticodon)-UACG

18. Protein Synthesis
Translation mRNA is read at the ribosome and tRNA is created (single stranded)
Anticodon: series of 3 tRNA bases
Amino acid: building block of protein (monomer)

19. Protein Synthesis
Translation mRNA is read at the ribosome and tRNA is created (single stranded)
Anticodon: series of 3 tRNA nucleotide bases
Amino acid: (monomer) building block of polypeptide
Polypeptide: (protein) chain of amino acids

20. Protein Synthesis Big Picture

21. Stem Cells
Unspecialized cells capable of renewing themselves through cell division, sometimes after long periods of inactivity.
Potential to develop into many different cell types in the body
They serve as a sort of internal repair system, dividing essentially without limit to replenish other cells.
When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential either to remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, such as a muscle cell, a red blood cell, or a brain cell.