1. Cellular Respiration

2. What is Cellular Respiration?
The chemical process that releases energy from the food we eat

3. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria

5. In the mitochondria, most of the energy from food molecules is transferred to ATP
ATP is a molecule which stores energy for the cell

6. The arrows represent the movement of which substances?
ATP and carbon dioxide

7. Cellular respiration formula

8. Cellular respiration is the opposite of photosynthesis
Instead of making glucose, glucose molecules are taken apart to release their stored energy

9. Stages of cellular respiration
1.glycolysis
2. Krebs cycle
3. Electron transport chain

10. **Glycolysis
Glycolysis: the process of glucose splitting in the cytoplasm
At the end of glycolysis, 2 molecules of pyruvate are made

11. glycolysis

12. **The Krebs Cycle Also called the citric acid cycle
With oxygen present, the pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria where it’s eventually converted to carbon dioxide

13. **
The series of reactions that occurs while pyruvate is broken down into carbon dioxide is called the Krebs cycle

14. Krebs cycle

15. **Final stage: Electron Transport Chain
This is the final step in the break down of glucose
This is where most of the ATP is made
The end result is water

16. Types of respiration Anaerobic respiration: requires no oxygen
Aerobic respiration: requires oxygen

17. What is Fermentation?
The process by which glucose is broken down without the use of oxygen.

18. Where does fermentation take place?
In many bacteria, fungi, protists, and in our muscle cells
It also takes place in yeasts and most plant cells

19. There are 2 main types of fermentation:
1. Lactic acid fermentation[our Lab]
2. Alcohol fermentation

20. Lactic acid fermentation
In lactic acid fermentation, enzymes convert the pyruvate that was made at the end of glycolysis to lactic acid

21. During strenuous exercise, the heart beats faster causing the blood to move faster which brings more oxygen and glucose to the cells

22. More oxygen combines with glucose to make more ATP production in muscle cells; gives you more energy

23. When less oxygen combines with glucose, less ATP is produced in the muscle cells; less energy

24. Lactic acid[continued]
when the body cannot supply enough oxygen during strenuous exercise, then your muscles make lactic acid
When lactic acid builds up in muscle cells, the muscles become fatigued and sore

25. ** Lactic acid[continued]**
Lactic acid is also produced by several microorganisms that are often used to produce many foods including:
Cheese
Yogurt
Sour cream

26. Lactic acid fermentation

27. **Alcohol fermentation**
is a biological process in which sugars are converted into cellular energy and thereby produce alcohol and carbon dioxide as metabolic waste products.
yeasts perform this process in the absence of oxygen

28. ** alcohol fermentation occurs in the production of
alcoholic beverages
ethanol fuel
the rising of bread dough.

29. Alcohol fermentation

30. How are photosynthesis & respiration different?
1. source of energy:
Photosynthesis sunlight
Respiration glucose/ATP
2. materials used by each process
Photosynthesis water and carbon dioxide
Respiration glucose and oxygen

31. 3. location of each process in the cell
Photosynthesis  chloroplast
Respiration  mitochondria

32. 4. when each process occurs in plants and animals
Photosynthesis occurs in plants during the day
Respiration occurs in both plants and animals all the time

33. How are Photosynthesis & Respiration similar?
They both involve organic and inorganic molecules

34. Fermentation tube