1. Organic Molecules

2. Overview All organic molecules contain carbon atoms
Carbon atoms can bind with up to 4 other atoms including other carbon atoms
Carbon-carbon bonds can lead to long chains
Carbon can form single, double, or triple covalent bonds with other atoms

3. Overview Macromolecules are very large molecules
Consist of smaller molecules called monomers
Monomers are joined together to form polymers by process called polymerization

4. Overview Energy is stored in organic molecules’ bonds
Amount of energy depends on the type of organic molecule, the more bonds the more energy the molecule supplies
Amount of energy stored in organic molecules determines its caloric value

5. Carbohydrates
Starches and sugars, plants are an excellent source of carbs
Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the form of a ring structure
Monomer unit is a monosaccharide or simple sugar with the chemical formula of C6H12O6
Monosaccharides bind together to form polysaccharides or complex carbohydrates

6. Carbohydrates Carbs are named by the number of monomers they contain
Monosaccharide – 1 monomer
Disaccharide – 2 monomers
Polysaccharide – 3 or more monomers

7. Carbohydrates
Primary source of fuel in cellular respiration to make ATP
Used to store energy for short periods of time
C, H, O in carbs are used as raw materials for other small organic molecules
Some are used for structural support in plants (cellulose) and the exoskeletons of crustaceans and insects (chitin)

8. Carbohydrates
During photosynthesis carbs are formed and then broken down by the plant to use the energy stored in the bonds for the plant’s cellular functions

9. Carbohydrates
When ingested by animals, bonds between monomers are broken to allow simple sugars to be absorbed
Simple sugars are then broken down in cells to produce ATP in a process called cellular respiration
They are converted into fats if not immediately needed, some can be stored as glycogen in muscles

10. Carbohydrates