1. CASE 2
This is an interactive module working through a case from history to diagnosis.
In “Slideshow” view, follow the hyperlinks into each lab/test and back to the main options. DO NOT SIMPLY CLICK THROUGH THE SLIDES USING FORWARD ARROWS AS YOU WILL GET LOST IN THE SYSTEM!!!! If you mistakenly click to the wrong slide, exit slideshow view and find your previous slide.
There will be questions following your correct diagnosis as well as a worksheet to turn in at the end of the module. Remember to keep track of your expenses for the worksheet.
CONTINUE

2. History
An owner calls you about a beef heard of 100 head on wheat pasture with pond water. In last year, the owner purchased 30 new cows with calves at side. Natural breeding is used and the bulls are in pasture year round. At the last pregnancy check, the open rate was 50%. The cattle are vaccinated once a year with Bovi-Sheild 4 and are dewormed. The cattle have constant access to mineral blocks. The owner is hoping to only spend $100 dollars to diagnose the reproductive problems of the herd.
Physical Exam

3. Physical Exam
You visit the farm and the herdsman has pulled out a 5 year old cow, a heifer, and the bull for exam.
Cow (524)
Good body condition. TPR within normal limits. Palpated 100 day old fetus. PE otherwise within normal limits.
Heifer (617)
Good body condition. Slight mucous vaginal discharge. TPR within normal limits. Palpated open. PE otherwise within normal limits
Bull (427)
Good body condition. No evidence of lameness. Appears interested in cows. TPR within normal limits. Both testicles distended and do not appear swollen. PE otherwise within normal limits.
Back to History
Test Options

4. Test Options CBC/Chemistry on serum from heifer Bacterial cultures
Serology on serum from cow
Toxicology
Examination of sperm under scope
Tritrichomonas foetus testing
Back to History
Diagnosis

5. CBC/Chemistry Panel Submit whole blood for CBC/chemistry panel -$100
Test Options
Diagnosis

6. CBC/Chemistry Panel CBC/Chem Diagnosis SPECIES Bovine ANIMAL ID 617
SPECIMEN DESC Blood, clotted
CBC/Chem
Diagnosis

7. Bacteriology Submit Vaginal Swabs for Bacterial Culture -$48
Submit vaginal swabs for Campylobacter sp. Culture -$30
Test Options
Diagnosis

8. Vaginal Cultures
Bacteriology
Diagnosis

9. Campylobacter sp. Cultures
Bacteriology
Diagnosis

10. Serology Submit Clotted Blood for Neospora ELISA -$8
Submit Clotted Blood for Brucella abortus Card -$4
Submit Clotted Blood for BVD SN -$7
Submit Clotted Blood for IBR SN -$7
Submit Clotted Blood for Leptospira Testing -$22
Test Options
Diagnosis

11. Neospora ELISA
Serology
Diagnosis

12. Brucella abortus Card
Serology
Diagnosis

13. BVD Serum-Neutralization
Serology
Diagnosis

14. IBR Serum-Neutralization
Serology
Diagnosis

15. Leptospira Testing
Serology
Diagnosis

16. Toxicology Submit blood for Trace Mineral Panel -$44 Test Options
Diagnosis

17. Trace Mineral Panel
Toxicology

18. Sperm Examination Submit semen sample for microsopic examination -$50
Test Options
Diagnosis

19. Sperm Examination
There is an adequate number of sperm with no noticeable deformities and adequate motility.
*Click picture for summary of semen exam.
Test Options
Diagnosis

20. Tritrichomonas foetus Testing
Submit preputial scraping in Trich pouch for Trichomonas testing -$38
Test Options
Diagnosis

21. Tritrichomonas Testing
Test Options
Diagnosis

22. Based on the laboratory findings, what is affecting the reproductive health of this herd?
Campylobacter sp.
Escherichia coli
Herpesvirus (IBR)
Neospora sp.
Tritrichomonas foetus
Back to History
Test Options

23. Correct!
Tritrichomonas foetus is a flagellated protozoan that is known to cause infertility and spontaneous abortions in cattle.
Next Question

24. Incorrect- Campylobacter sp.
Campylobacter spp. (Vibrio) is a common cause of infertility in cattle. In this case, the Campy cultures were negative making infection with this organism unlikely.
Back to History
Test Options
Diagnosis

25. Incorrect- E. coli
E. Coli is a common fecal contaminant that can be isolated from vaginal swabs. Isolation does not necessarily mean infection.
Back to History
Test Options
Diagnosis

26. Incorrect- IBR
Herpesvirus testing was negative. Review the available tests.
Back to History
Test Options
Diagnosis

27. Incorrect- Neospora sp.
Neospora spp. Testing was negative. Review the available tests.
Back to History
Test Options
Diagnosis

28. How long does Tritrichomonas infection last in females?
Days
Weeks
Months
Years
Continually shedding

29. Correct!! How long does Tritrichomonas infection persist in males?
Days
Weeks
Months
Years
Continually shedding

30. Incorrect
Try again

31. Correct!!! Given this, how would you recommend the farmer address this problem?
Cull females
Cull males
Cull all
Treat females
Treat males
Treat all

32. Incorrect
Try again.

33. Correct!!!!
The only way to increase the reproductive efficiency of this herd is to cull the males. A thorough semen examination should be performed on all incoming males to prevent any further problems. Females only shed Tritrichomonas foetus for a short period of time. Females should remain isolated from new bulls until they have stopped shedding.
Continue

34. Incorrect- Treat Treatment of trichomoniasis is very difficult.
Try again.

35. Incorrect- Cull
Females only shed Tritrichomonas foetus for a short period of time. These females can be isolated. After shedding has stopped, the females can be introduced back in to reproductive program.
Try again.

36. The End!!!
Please complete the associated worksheet for this case and turn in to the IOR

37. Case Author
Brian Herrin
Oklahoma State University- CVHS