1. SOCIAL STUDIES 1ST SEMESTER EXAM STUDY GUIDE
WITH ANSWERS

2. FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY
Farmers using chemicals like fertilizers and pesticides to help plants grow and to kill pests is a form of
pollution.
______________ ______________is a theme of geography that focuses on cultural adaptations to natural resources.
Human-environment interaction
The exact spot on Earth where a place can be found is its ___________ __________.
absolute location

3. European colonists bringing new crops and new ways of farming to the Americas, Africa, and Australia is an example of ___________.
colonization
The number of people per unit of an area of land is ___________ ___________.
population density
Pull factor is a ____________________________.
factor that pulls, or attracts, people to new countries

4. Simpson County, KY is south of Warren County, KY is an example of
relative location.
____________ is the theme of geography that describes how people, products, information, and ideas get from one place to another.
Movement

5. Map Skills Test A degree is the _________________________________.
unit of measure used to determine an absolute location on a globe or map
A misrepresentation of the true shape or a change in the accuracy of a shape in a map is called ______________.
distortion
What is the imaginary line that circles the globe from north to south at 0 degrees?
Prime Meridian

6. Which two basic questions do geographers always ask when they study the earth?
Where are things located and why are they there?
What do lines of latitude and longitude help geographers identify?
absolute location
The _______ is the most accurate way to show the Earth’s continents and bodies of water.
globe
What do geographers use to show regions on a map?
a key

7. Its attention to detail like roads and smaller towns are advantages of a _________________ map.
flat
How do geographers pinpoint the location of a place from east to west?
longitude lines

8. Shaping Our Physical Environment
An solstice is
a point at which, days are longer in one hemisphere and shortest in another.
A process in which water, ice or wind remove small pieces of rock is known as ________.
erosion

9. What is the Plate Tectonic Theory?
A theory that states that Earth’s crust is made up of huge blocks
The condition of the air and sky at a certain time is called ________.
weather
Climate is ____________________________.
the average weather of a place over several years

10. A cyclone that forms over the Atlantic Ocean and can do much damage is a ______________
hurricane
What are the 3 MAIN landforms on Earth?
valleys, hills, and mountains

11. The 13 Colonies The Colonial Period lasted from _____ to _____.
1607, 1776
The people in the New England Colonies lived in towns around the __________.
harbors
What made Charleston, South Carolina an important city in the South?
It had a thriving port with lots of ships

12. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania was an important part of the ________ Colonies because of its talent for successful business enterprise.
Middle
Rum and slaves are two examples of commodities. Define commodity.
Anything bought or sold

13. Rice and indigo were the primary items ________ out of the Southern Colonies.
exported
What 3 crops did North and South Carolina grow?
Rice, forests/trees, indigo

14. Triangular Trade What did the first Africans come to the colonies as?
Indentured servants
Legalizing slavery caused the slave trade business to
make a lot of money

15. Define middle passage.
The forced sea voyage from Africa to the Americas that caused physical and mental anguish for several weeks or months.
English ship captains made the most money by____________________________________.
carrying as many slaves as possible on their ships

16. The invention of the cotton gin caused ___________________________.
cotton to be a valuable crop
Alcohol, guns, and textiles were brought to Africa from Europe to trade for
enslaved Africans.
Define cargo.
the goods that were carried on ships along the Triangular Trade

17. ____________________was part of the Triangular Trade where people bought, transported, and sold slaves from Africa to people in the new world in exchange for goods and services.
The Slave Trade
What is the distance measured in degrees east or west of an imaginary line that runs from the North Pole and passes through Greenwich, England? It helped ships navigate their way through the sea.
longitude