1. Aftermath United Nations Alliances Break
The End of WWII
Aftermath United Nations Alliances Break

2. Victories and Casualties
WWII had killed as many as 50 million people around the world. In Europe alone, nearly 30 million people had lost their lives, more than half of them civilians.
The Soviet Union suffered the worst casualties with over 20 million dead.
Over 20 million refugees wandered Europe.
Hunger, disease, devastation and mental illness took their toll long after the war ended.

3. Nuremberg Trials
Allies agreed that the Axis leaders should be held on trial for “crimes against humanity.”
In Germany, the Allies held war crimes trials in Nuremberg, where Hitler had staged mass rallies in the 1930s.
Nearly 200 Germans and Austrians were tried, and most were found guilty. were held in Japan.
The trials showed that political and military leaders could be held accountable for actions in wartime.

4. Establishing the United Nations
Over 50 nations met in San Francisco to draft a charter.
Each member has one vote in the General Assembly.
Five permanent U.N. members, called the Security Council, has greater powers; they can veto any council decision.
The Security Council can apply economic sanctions and send a peace-keeping military force.

5. The Goal of the U.N. Preventing the outbreak of diseases.
Improving education.
Protecting refugees.
Helping nations develop economically.
World Heath Organization
Food and Agricultural Organization.
Save future generations from war.
Reaffirm human rights.
Establish equal rights for all persons.

6. The Alliance Breaks Apart
A new power structure emerged between the United States and the Soviet Union as new world leaders.
The United States abandoned its traditional policy of isolationism to counter the spread of communism.
Councils and peace agreements that were conducted throughout WWII had grown more and more divisive—highlighting the differences between Western and Eastern powers.
Distrust, suspicion and tension grew and led to a conflict known as the Cold War.

7. The Cold War Begins
Stalin had two goals: spread communism in Eastern Europe and create a buffer zone against Germany.
United States and Britain didn’t consult Stalin about peace terms in Italy or Japan.
“Free election” in Eastern Europe.
Communist parties destroyed rival political parties.

8. The Truman Doctrine
“ I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.”
Idea of containment: limiting communism to the areas already under Soviet control.
Would guide the United States in matters of foreign policy for decades.

9. The Truman Doctrine

10. The Marshall Plan
Postwar hunger and poverty made Western Europe fertile ground for communist ideas.
U.S. offered a massive aid package designed to strengthen and rebuild Europe called The Marshall Plan.
Billions of dollars in American aid helped Europe recover rapidly.
President Truman also offered aid to the Soviet Union and countries under Stalin’s control in Eastern Europe but Stalin declined.

11. The Marshall Plan

12. Germany Stays Divided
The Soviets had taken factories and other resources in its eastern zone to rebuild the Soviet Union.
The Western Allies decided to unite their zones of occupation and extend the Marshall Plan to western Germany.
The Soviets were furious at Western moves to rebuild the German economy and deny them reparations.
Each side strengthened their hold on either west or east Germany .

13. The End of WWII: Review
WWII killed as many as ___ million people around the world.
The _______ _______ suffered the worst casualties with over 20 million dead.
In Germany, the Allies held war crimes trials in __________ where Hitler had staged mass rallies in the 1930s.
The trials showed that political and military leaders could be held ____________ for actions in wartime.
Over ____ nations met in San Francisco to draft a charter.
The Security Council can apply _________ sanctions and send a peace-keeping _________ force.
The U.N. sought to: _________ education, ________ refugees and combat __________.

14. The End of WWII: Review
A new power structure emerged between the _______ ________ and the ________ _________ as new world leaders.
Distrust, suspicion and tension grew and led to a conflict known as the ____ ___.
Stalin had two goals: spread __________ in Eastern Europe and create a buffer zone against ________.
“Free ________” in Eastern Europe.
Idea of ___________: limiting communism to the areas already under Soviet control.
U.S. offered a massive aid package designed to strengthen and rebuild Europe called ___ _________ _____.
The Western Allies decided to _____ their zones of occupation and ______ the Marshall Plan to western Germany.