1. Napoleon’s Empire

2. “The Consulate” French General, had many great victories
1799 – coup d’etat (quick seizure of power) against Directory
Theoretically a Republic but reality………He set up a dictatorship
Executive Branch – 3 members called consuls (Napoleon = 1st consul)
Named himself Consul for Life – approved by a plebiscite (vote by the people)

3. Restoring Order
Wanted to strengthen central govt. & achieve some goals of Revolution
Required taxes from all citizens
National banking system
Dismissed corrupt officials
Set up lycees – government run schools
Makes Catholicism the official religion but stressed religious toleration (He appoints all the bishops)
Signed concordat with Pope Pius VII
New relationship between church and state
Church influence recognized but rejected in national affairs

4. Building an Empire 1804 - Names himself Emperor
Continued success on the battlefield
Early wins over Italy and Austria
Battle of Trafalgar – British defeat French navy
Gave up plans for invading Britain
By 1812, controlled most of Europe
People resented paying taxes & sending soldiers to fight for France

5. Napoleon’s Mistakes
Continental System – countries must stop trade with Britain
Failed – British maintained control of seas
Goal to make the continent of Europe self sufficient
Not everyone always followed the blockade

6. Invasion of Russia

7. Invasion of Russia He controls most of Europe by 1812
“Nationalism” feelings, foreign people resent paying taxes & providing soldiers for him
Revolts begin in Spain & Austria
Napoleon mad that Russia withdrew from Continental System
Russia used a scorched-earth policy – burned as they retreated
Bitter winter – not used to it, many froze (600,000 to 10,000)
After French were defeated many other countries began declaring war on them as well. Borders returned to original status.

9. Napoleon’s Surrender Abdicated his throne and is exiled to Elba
Napoleon returns a year later and reigns as emperor for 100 days (army & people support him)
European countries advance – fear Napoleon would try to take over Europe again – meet Napoleon at Waterloo
Napoleon defeated again (at battle of Waterloo) and exiled to St. Helena. He will die here in 1821

11. Legacy of Napoleon https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t05O-iVx2R8
The Louisiana Purchase
Napoleonic Code of Laws
Spread ideas throughout Europe
Equality
Religious toleration
Advancement through merit
Reformed tax systems
Promoted education

12. Congress of Vienna Europe needs to create a long-lasting peace
Russia, Prussia, Austria, Great Britain, France
Led by Prince Kelmens von Metternich
Wanted to restore a balance of power

13. Result France is a major power but diminished
Rulers Napoleon drove out were restored to their thrones
Nations of an entire continent cooperated
French Revolution Overall video