1. Márcio Alves de Urzêda, M.D.; MSc
VENTRICULAR VOLUMES EJECTION FRACTION MASS WALL STRESS REGIONAL WALL MOTION
Márcio Alves de Urzêda, M.D.; MSc

2. VOLUMES (Technical considerations)
Cine film:
15-60 fps;
Radiographic contrast:
7-15mL/s and 30-50mL.
Sites:
Left ventricle;
Left atrium (trans-septal technique);
Severe aortic insufficiency:
Aortic root.

3. Ventricular volumes Silhouette must be traced:
Marged visible contrast;
Include trabeculations and papillary muscles.

4. Ventricular volumes Approximated by an ellipsoid;
Regression equations correct the overestimation.
Biplane projection to
determinate M and N.

5. Ventricular volumes Area-length method (Dodge);
Biplane oblique (RAO/LAO):

6. Ventricular volumes Single plane formula: AP or RAO;
Left ventricular shape is a spheroid (ellipsoid wich two minor axes are equal).

7. VENTRICULAR VOLUMES Volume correction: Regression equations
Overestimation by papillary muscles and trabeculaes.
Regression equations

8. EJECTION FRACTION REGURGITANT FRACTION
EF= (EDV-ESV)
EDV
RF= SV angiographic – ESV forward)
SV angiographic

9. Left Ventricular Mass
Is assumed that wall thickness is uniform

10. Wall Stress σ = PR 2h Meridional, radial and circunferencial.
A and B: semi-axis

11. REGIONAL LEFT VENTRICULAR WALL MOTION
Akinesis, dyskinesis, hypokinesis and hyperkinesis.