1. By: Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H.S. Chappaqua, NY
Final Regents
Review:
GREECE
By: Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H.S. Chappaqua, NY

2. The Geography of Greece

3. Archaic
Greece:
1650 BCE BCE

4. Bronze Age Greece

5. Crete: Minoan Civilization (Palace at Knossos)

6. ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS
Minoan
Mycenean

7. "Hellenic"
(Classical)
Greece:
700 BCE BCE

8. ATHENS: Yesterday & Today

9. GREEK POLIS = CITY-STATES
Each was jealous, suspicious of the other Not really “Greek” until Persian Wars
- HOPLITES protected the polis
- Coinage
Kings and tyrants ruled…nobles had land and wealth, peasants worked the land
- Oligarchy ruled (wealthy members of society)
- DEMOCRACY ….free, adult males could vote
Understand this!

10. Persian Wars: 499 – 480 BCE
Persia was the model of all empires: monarchy and most famous king was KING CYRUS which created the empire (took Babylonia and kicked out Jews again)….As an empire, they allowed local people to rule the area, collected taxes, even had post offices – good place w. no slavery
Zoroastrianism – first monotheistic religion and had the idea of good vs. evil took place in a god – influenced Judaism and Christianity

11. Persian Wars: Famous Battles
Marathon (490 BCE)
26 miles from Athens
The Persians lose and Greece is the DOMINANT EMPIRE!
THERMOPYLAE
- “300”:Spartans vs. Persians
The Persians lose and the Greeks send a runner to Athens to spread the news – not really historically accurate, but it inspired the marathon at the Olympics and is a good story
Persia and Greek – Xerxes – Persian military leader led thousands of Persians against the Greeks – They called on the Spartans - only 300 Spartans….The Greeks won!
It is at this time that the Greeks began to bind together to become a more powerful empire rather than city-states

12. Great Athenian Philosophers
Socrates
Know thyself!
question everything
Plato
The Academy: Socrates student
The Republic  philosopher-king
HERODOTUS (father of history)
Others? Sophocles (who wrote Oedipus Rex), Pericles (leader of Athens – statesmen), Aristotle, Aristophenes (father of Comedy),

13. The Acropolis Today
Acropolis is a fortress that sits high above a city and is seen as both a monument and a place of protection
CITY STATES had political, social, and religious centers

14. The Parthenon
Temple to Athena

15. The Agora
Agora was the marketplace

16. The Classical Greek “Ideal”
These ideas, art, literature, philosophies became lost to the Europeans after Greece fell because Europe was in chaos. But the Greeks spread so far, that their ideas stayed in the east. The Arabs and Indians took some of these ideas and expanded their math, astronomy and philosophies. Europe later “rediscovered” these ideas through the Crusades and in the movement of the Mongols. Euclid (geometry) and Archimedes (physics/pulley)

17. Olympia

18. The Ancient Olympics: Athletes & Trainers

19. ATHENS VS SPARTA
Sparta: military camp of preparedness – best soldiers, 7 year olds taken from home and beaten into “warrior-hood”, little culture or art, arrogant and cruel, women had more rights
Athens: Believed “superior”, economic & political heart of Greece, loved art and culture, more people, more freedoms, politics important (lots of power changes) – Assembly for all citizens…DEMOCRACY (but only for males)
WOMEN generally: duty was to raise children, not a citizen, dowries to their husband upon marriage, lived secluded lives and stayed at home, not a partner for husband - MEN adolescent training in adulthood was supposed to entail a sexual and tutorial-intellectual relationship with an older man…perfection was only possible in the male, so they liked to surround themselves with that ideal – bisexuality.

20. SPARTA
Athens power was based on their NAVY – trireme (fast manoeverable, 170 rower boat)
Sparta WON when they used the Navy of the Persians who were still upset at losing the Persian Wars to the Athenian powers

21. SPARTA
Helots  Messenians enslaved by Spartans Thus, Spartans felt they had to be warriors

22. Peloponnesian Wars
Athens became very powerful under Pericles and began to unite other city-states under his rule and went after Sparta for supremacy. Mellians example – didn’t want to get involved, so they killed all the men and enslaved all the women. Lasted a generation – finally Sparta won, but Greece fell into chaos afterwards
The City-states began to fight amongst themselves and Sparta and Athens were the center of the fight

23. "Hellenistic"
Greece:
324 BCE BCE

24. Alexander the Great

25. Alexander the Great’s Empire

26. Alexander the Great in Persia

27. The Hellenization of Asia

28. The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire
Alexander’s death brought the breakup of the area:
Seleucid – sih-LOO-sid
Antigonid (an-TIG-u-nid)
Ptolemy (Tol-uh-Mays)