1. PERLOCUTIONS AND ILLOCUTIONS
Group 8
Sudarmono
Maryka Nurdiyanti
Hela Gsmela Saputra

2. UNIT 22 PERLOCUTIONS AND ILLOCUTIONS
Types
Definition
Example
Locution
The actual words uttered
What time do you call this?
Illocution
The interaction behind the words uttered
Wanting an apology/ explanation for someone being late.
Perlocution
The influence of the words
on the listener
Listener apologies/ explains.

3. Definition
An UTTERANCE is any stretch of talk, by one person, before and after which there is silence on the part of that person.
An utterance is the USE by a particular speaker, on a particular occasion, of a piece of language, such as a sequence of sentences, or a single phrase, or even a single word.
The study of sense relations and logic has concentrated almost exclusively on the meaning of only one type of sentence, declaratives.
Actually, attempts have been made recently to extend logic to cover imperatives and interrogatives, but these suggestions have not been generally accepted as identifying the correct way to analyse non-declaratives. In this unit we will

4. Example Helen rolled up the carpet Helen rolled the carpet up
Different sentences
Sincerity may frighten the boy
Sincerity may frighten the boy cup
The same sentences þ

5. Declarative, (asserting ) Interrogative, (asking )
The following acts can be performed through the use of language :
Types the utterance of sentences
Declarative, (asserting )
Interrogative, (asking )
and Imperative.(ordering )
Asserting,
Warning,
Promising,
Referring,
Insulting

7. The PERLOCUTIONARY ACT or the PERLOCUTION carried out by a speaker making an utterance is the act of causing a certain effect on the hearer and others.
If I say ‘There’s a hornet in your left ear’, it may well cause you to panic, scream and scratch wildly at your ear. Causing these emotions and actions of yours is the perlocution of my utterance, or the perlocutionary act I perform by making that utterance.
The point of carefully distinguishing the perlocutionary aspect of the speech act from others is that perlocutions can often be accidental, and thus bear a relatively unsystematic relationship to any classification of sentence types.

8. The proposition asserted: “I promise to pick you up from station
Locution
The proposition asserted: “I promise to pick you up from station
Illocution
The act performed by the utterance (speaker’s intention). In this case the act is one of promising (a commisive)
Perlocution
The effect of the utterance on the listener. For example you feel relieved/grateful that I am going to pick you up

9. It is important to remember that the perlocutionary acts involved in examples such as these are not the effects of the original utterances. Rather, the perlocutionary act involved in making an utterance is that part of the total act which causes such effects. We will return to this point later. Meanwhile, we move to the notion of illocutionary act.

10. In performing a locutionary act we shall also be performing such an act as:
asking or answering a question;
information or an assurance or a warning;
announcing a verdict or an intention;
pronouncing sentence;
making an appointment or an appeal or a criticism;
making an identification or giving a description; 

11. Illocutionary Act and Illocutionary Force
'Open the door'
'Could you open the door'
Same propositional content
open the door
Different illocutionary acts
order and a request

12. Classification of Speech Act

13. Types of Verbs Indicating Speech Act