1. Relative clauses
B 2

2. Relative pronouns With people: who, that, whose, whom
The differnce between who’s and whose
who’s = who is / who has
whose = possessive case

3. With things and objects:
that, which
With places:
where
With time:
when
With reason:
why

4. Who, whom, that and which can be left out when they are the objects of the sentence
The books that/which/ - I read should be taken back to the library.
The man who(m) you saw was my boss.

5. Who, that and which cannot be left out when they are subjects of sentences.
The man who was standing there looked
familiar to me.
The thing that/ which makes me angry is
indifference

6. That and which in defining relative clauses
Can be used synonymously in defining relative clauses
These clauses cannot be left out.
There are no commas.
We visited the places which/that are off the beaten track

7. Who/whom/whose in defining relative clauses
Can be used in defining relative clauses.
These clauses cannot be left out.
There are no commas.
The girls who took part in the competition were from the 9th grade.
The students whom we met today are studying law.
The writers whose works I’m referring to are all well known authors.

8. Non-defining relative clauses
Parts of sentences that give additional information.
They can be left out.
Commas are used before relative pronouns (who, whom, whose, which)
That is not used as a relative pronoun in non-defining relative clauses. Instead use which.

9. I was born in Huddersfield, which is not far from Leeds.
Jessica, who is my neighbour, is flying to Brussels tomorrow.
Mary and David, whom you might know, are teaching English at university.
Sheila, whose parents live in London, is my new coursemate.

10. Prepositions in relative clauses
Can be used before relative pronouns
who(m) and which
Cannot be used before that
The person to who(m) I’m writing is
responsible for such things.
The flat in which he lives has 3 rooms.

11. The person to whom I’m writing is a lawyer.
The person who(m) I’m writing to is a lawyer.
The person I’m writing to is a lawyer.

12. The house where she lives is an old mill.
The house in which she lives is an old mill.
The house which she lives in is an old mill.
The house she lives in is an old mill.

13. Which and whom can be used in expressions of quantity
Join the sentences:
I bought a big water melon. I threw away half of it.
I bought a big watermelon, half of which I threw away.

14. The same structure noun + of which/whom
Join the sentences:
She entered a university. The reputation of the university is high worldwide.
She entered the university the reputation of which is high worldwide.

15. Also possible to use whose
The city is an ancient capital of Wales. We were walking in the streets of it. The city whose streets we were walking is an ancient capital of Wales.