1. Warm-Up #2: Sample Test Questions
Which one of the following is true about the ATP molecule?
It contains two phosphate groups.
Extremely stable bonds link the second and third phosphate groups
It contains the six-carbon sugar hexose
It contains a nitrogenous base molecule called adenine
None of the choices are correct
ATP can be used as the cell’s energy currency because
Cellular functions can be fueled by coupling them with the formation of ATP from ADP.
ATP is the most energy-rich small molecule in the cell.
Cellular functions can be fueled by coupling them with the breakdown of ATP to ADP.
All of the above are true.
None of the choices are correct.

2. Photosynthesis
Chapter 7

3. Photosynthesis Overview
Purpose of “light” reactions:
Convert light energy into NADPH and ATP (energy storing molecule)
Purpose of the Calvin Cycle:
Use energy in NADPH and ATP and carbon in CO2 to construct glucose

4. What you need to know!
How photosystems convert solar energy into chemical energy
How linear electron flow in the light reactions results in the formation of ATP, NADPH, and O2.
How chemiosmosis generates ATP in the light reactions.
How the Calvin cycle uses the energy molecules of the light reactions to produce glucose.

5. Chloroplasts

6. Photosynthesis Big Picture (85%)
Equation: Light + H2O + CO2 → C6H12O6 + O2
2 stages
Light Reactions - Thylakoid
Calvin Cycle - Stroma

7. Physics of Light Light has energy
ROY G BIV: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet

8. Chlorophyll Chlorophyll has 2 different versions: chlorophyll a and b
Absorbance spectrums for both pigments maximize absorbance in the red and blue range

9. Light Reactions - Thylakoid
Photosystems combine with an electron transport chain to create a H+ gradient (very similar to CR) and NADPH
Photosystem II → ETC → Photosystem I → NADPH
Chemiosmosis (photophosphorylation) makes the ATP

10. Calvin Cycle - Stroma
Energy molecules generated in the light reactions power the production of sugar (G3P)
The sugar (G3P) is made from Carbon Dioxide
One Carbon Dioxide is attached with each turn of the Calvin Cycle
How many turns of the cycle are required to make glucose (C6H12O6)?
CO2 + ATP + NADPH -----> Sugar (G3P)

11. Additional Resources Mr. Anderson (Bozeman)
QrJ4
Taylor swift’s “Trouble” parody:
D37I

12. Photosynthesis Diagram
For “Light” and “Dark” (Calvin Cycle) reactions:
Use page of textbook
Draw diagram and label molecules and steps.
Explain each step (red numbers) in your own words
Indicate reactants and products for both reactions
Indicate where in chloroplast the reaction occurs.

13. Paper Chromatography
Technique for separating and identifying pigments from cell extracts.
The solvent moves up chromatography paper by diffusion
Pigments (solutes) are dissolved in the solvent and are carried up the paper

14. Paper Chromatography Differing pigments have different properties:
Structure/Function
Different bands form as the solutes separate while they migrate up the paper

15. Lab set up resources Creating a vacuum to remove air from leaves