1. PRESENTATION ON AN ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM
SPACE JUNK
HUMAN QUEST: A CONSTERNATION WITHIN

2. University B.T. & Evening College,
SOURISH ROY
University B.T. & Evening College,
Coochbehar
B.Ed. SESSION:
ROLL NO. 41

3. CHALLENGER DISASTER, 28TH JANUARY 1986 (7 CASUALTIES)

4. COLUMBIA DISASTER
(7 CASUALTIES)
1ST FEBRUARY ,2003

5. Latest information on the numbers of artificial
Q. What is Space Junk ?
Space Junk or Space Waste
is the collection of defunct
objects in the orbit around Earth,
specially the Geosynchronous
Orbit ( Geostationary Orbit).
Latest information on the
numbers of artificial
satellites orbiting the Earth.
First man made salellite into
space: Sputnik-1 (Russia) in 1957.
Yuri Gagarin’s space voyage:
Vostok
3. Armstrong on the Moon :
Apollo -11, 20th July, 1969

6. Protection form collision:
4. As per latest information, about
8300 artificial satellites are orbiting
the Earth of which 3000 are not
operational.
5. As of July 2013 India have launched
70 satellites starting from Aryabhatta
(1975) with INSAT-3D (July.2013)
being the latest.
6. Currently pieces of debris
larger than 5 cm. are tracked. About
pieces smaller than 1 cm.
are floating below km. altitude.
Protection form collision:
Whipple Shield made of Kevlar
or Nextel aluminum oxide fibre.

7. 7. According latest reports, about
280 inter- planetary probes (Flyby,
Orbiter, Lander, Rover , Penetrators,
etc.) have been sent increasing the
possibility of extra-terrestrial
collisions with an astronomical body.
8. Missions to Mars:
1st – 1 M and 2 M ( Flyby, 1960)
Landing 2 M V-3, Viking-1(1975)
Mars Pathfinder (1996)
iv. Spirit and Opportunity (Rover,2003)
v. Curiosity (Rover,2011)
Curiosity (Rover,2011)

8. Concerns for Satellites:
9. Space shuttle programmes( ):
Enterprise (5 flights)
Columbia (28 flights)
Challenger (10 flights)
Discovery (39 flights)
Atlantis (33 flights)
Endeavour (25 flights)
Concerns for Satellites:
If any particle larger than 10 cm. in radius
hits any satellites, it may deviate from its
stationary orbit. In that case it has to be
maneuvered. But any protection may lead to
other astronomical collisions that may occur
in a chain-reaction.

9. Why we should be concerned about this increasing
number of satellites and our space explorations:
The debris of the left out components of the
launching vehicles fall back onto the seas and oceans,
and the chemical and metallic substances mix with the
water.
Satellites reflect a marginal proportion of heat
radiated from the Earth.
Eco-system of the atmosphere surrounding the Earth gets disturbed.
Satellites are a part of Cyber Pollution, a pollution related with computer
network system.
Satellites are responsible for many automation related crimes.
The components of the defunct satellites, objects and fragments from
disintegration, erosion and collision may collide with operational spacecrafts.
Floating particles in the orbit may associate with the meteors and cause damage
down earth like the Giacobinid meteor shower in 1946.
They are responsible for outer space radiation.
Spceflight related human fatality : 18 astronauts as of July,2013.

10. Acknowledgement: Space. com, Nasa. com, Google. com Wikipedia
Acknowledgement: Space.com, Nasa.com, Google.com Wikipedia.com/english, National Geographic Channel, Discovery Channel. Images: Getty Images, Space.com, Nasa.com

11. Thank You