1. Immigration and Crimes in Oil Producing Countries United Arab Emirates , A Model
Professor Fayez Elessawy.
Geography and Urban Planning Dept
United Arab Emirates University

2. Organization of the Study
The study focuses on :
Geographical background of the UAE
The role of guest workers in changing population size
Development of crimes’ ratio among guest workers during the period
The spatial distribution of crimes according to nationalities

3. UAE Geographical Background
The Country (established in 1971) is a federation of Seven Emirates
Area : ,000 Km2
Total population 2014: million (Emirati Citizen are 1.2m)
Main features (2014)
Gross national Income/capita : $58,000
Birth Rate : /1,000
Infant mortality rate : /1,000
Population Composition: Young 16%; Youth 83%; Old 1%
UAE is considered one of the largest producers of Oil and Gas in the world & is extremely reliant on oil revenues. Those revenues are used to enhance infrastructure and human development.

4. United Arab Emirates Map
Arabian Gulf

5. Geographic Location of the United Arab Emirates
Iraq
Iran
Pakistan
Egypt
Arabian Gulf
Saudi Arabia
India
Oman
Sudan
Arabian Sea
Yemen

6. The Role of Guest Workers in Changing Population Size
Between 1985 to 2014, the population increased from 0.5 million to 9.4 million in only 30 years
UAE has one of the highest annual population growth rate in the world of more than 5%
Declining rates of natural increase
Increasing influx of immigration to the country since 1975
UAE attracts guest workers from countries all over the world - mostly Asians and Arabs
The percentage of foreigners to total population increased from 62% in 1975 to more than 86% in 2014

9. Population Growth of the United Arab Emirates

10. The Increasing Percentage of Guest Workers to Total Population of UAE

11. Guest Workers Effect on Emirati Labor Force
They are working in all fields of jobs - skilled and unskilled
Increasing number & percentage of Asians (65% in 1985 to 70% in 2005); by contrast the percentage of Arabs are decreasing
50% of the total labor force is mostly from India
92% of the labor force is guest workers
the percentage differ from one Emirate to another
The highest is in Dubai (96%), followed by Sharjah (93%), then Ajman and Abu Dhabi
Increasing the national unemployment to 15%

12. The Increase of Asian Workers in UAE
Year
Asian
Arabs
European
African
American
Other
1985 65 31
2.3
0.5
0.4
0.6
2005 70 25
2.9
0.9

13. Percentage of Guest Workers to Total Population of the Emirates of the Country
Abu Dhabi
Dubai
Sharjah
Ajman
OM.Quin
RAK
Fujarah
Guest Workers 75 90
82.5 81 66 58 55 25 10
17.5 19 34 42 45

14. Growth of Crimes’ Ratio Among Foreigners 1985-2005
The dominate crimes among foreigners in the UAE are money fraud ( 69%) , violence (19%) , illegal residency (9.5%) and drugs (2.5%).

15. There is a very evident increase in crime rates An increase to 162% in the last 20 years Largest increase was in drugs 450% followed by money fraud 320%

16. Money Fraud Crime Increased by 320%
Most of the crimes are concentrated in Dubai 44% and Sharjah 32% (76% total); the lowest are in low income Emirates such as RAK ,Fujairah and Ajman.
It’s worth noting that Abu Dhabi experienced the highest increase of money fraud (470% compared to Dubai 270%) in the last 20 years .
The spatial distribution of money fraud crimes differ from one emirate to another based on standard of living
money pilfering is very high in Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Sharjah comprising 85% of the country total
robbery is concentrated in Dubai 65%, followed by Sharjah 25%
car theft in Abu Dhabi is 54%
Home invasion/robbery in Abu Dhabi is 35%; Dubai is 22%; and Sharjah is 20%

17. Violent Crimes
The spatial distribution of violent crimes shows that it is very low in the rich emirates; it’s only 2.5/10,000 in Abu Dhabi and less than 2.5/1000 in Dubai compared to 10/1000 in RAK
Quarreling & physical altercations are the dominant crimes among the immigrants in all of the Emirates followed by the crimes of sexual assault and rape - which dominate in Dubai and Sharjah
Pre-meditated murder is very low among all the immigrants and account for less than 1/10,000

18. Illegal Residency
The percentage of increase is very high in the eastern part of the country such as Sharjah, Fujairah and RAK
The eastern parts facing Oman sea are especially high due to a large umber of Afghanis, Pakistanis, Indians, Bangladeshis and Iranians infiltrating across the state borders
Most of them are seeking job opportunities and a better quality of life
The largest number of illegal residents are in Dubai and Sharjah

19. Drug Crimes It has increased by 450% during the period 1985-2005
Dubai has the highest percentage 50%, followed by Sharjah 20%
Drug dealing represents 20% of the total & the majority of the drug dealers are from Iran and Afghanistan
Drug abuse represents 80% of the total & 42% of the drug users are Emirati youth - dominating in Dubai, Sharjah and Fujairah

20. Rate of Crimes per 10 thousand by Emirati Region

21. In Brief
The UAE population consists of various nationalities & the majority of the population are foreigners
The crime types differ from one place to another according to the percentage of foreigners and their nationality
Violence
Money Fraud
illegal Migrants
Drugs
Alcohol Drinkers
Asians 16 52
14.5
2.5 15
Arabs 13
67.5
7.5 9 3
Europe to Western 12 69 7 2 10

22. Every Nationality is Characterized by a Specific Kind of Crime
Crimes
Asians
Arabs
Western
Money Fraud H L
Philippine + Iran 67
Bang + Sri
Lebanon
Yemen+somalia 50
USA+UK
Russia
Residence H
Afghan + Bang 33
Philippine + India 10
Yemen
Lebanon
Russia
USA+UK
Violence H
Sri Lanka +Bang 25
India
Yemen + Iraq
Lebanon
Italy
France + German 1
Drugs H
Iran + Afghan
India + Bang
Iraq + Egypt
Sudan +Palestine 2
USA
France+Russia 0.5
Alcohol H
India
Pakistan + Bang 2
Sudan
Palestine
Russia+Australia18
UK + German

23. Conclusion
The United Arab Emirates has to rely on skilled foreign workers from other countries
The proportion of non-nationals has reached 80% of the total population
Despite the great positive role of the immigrants, this situation has led to many problems in the population age and sex structure; as well as bringing many serious negative cultural and social consequences especially the increase rate of crimes
The main goal of this study is to analyze the development of crimes and spatial distribution of various crimes according to geographical areas & nationalities
This study focuses on the common and prevailing crimes i.e. money fraud, drugs, physical violence & aggression, and illegal immigrants
Types of crimes differ from one Emirate to another as a result of geographical landscape, percentage of immigrants, and standard of living - which clearly differ from one Emirate to another
Types of crime also differ from one nationality to another. Crimes committed by Asians differ from those committed by Europeans or Americans. On a smaller scale, the types of crimes differ according to the region where the immigrant comes from, eg. the crimes of the Russians differ from the Indians or Egyptians