1. Computing Fundamentals
Unit 2- Computer Hardware

2. Objectives Identify system components
Describe the role of the central processing unit
Define computer memory
Identify types of storage devices
Care for storage media

3. Motherboard Circuit board Connects components Bus Different sizes CPU
Memory
Expansion ports/slots
Bus
Data transfer to components

4. CPU Microprocessor “Brain” Hertz (MHz & GHz)
Reads/interprets instructions
Performs calculations to complete tasks
1979= 8 MHz
1993= 200 MHz
2010= 3 GHz
Dual-core/multi-core

5. RAM Active programs/data are held Volatile (Temporary)
Stores what you are creating
Volatile (Temporary)
Power off= lose RAM
Measured in bytes
MB or GB
4GB is standard now

6. Memory Size 1’s & 0’s Use for storage size Bit 8 bits = 1 byte
Hard drive, RAM, CD/DVD
Bit
8 bits = 1 byte
KB= 1024 bytes
MB= Million bytes
GB= Billion bytes
TB= Trillion bytes

7. ROM On motherboard BIOS ROM Has instructions to boot your computer
Read only- no store data
Non-volatile
Stays when power is off

8. Boot Process Start PC ROM BIOS looks for OS Loads OS into RAM
OS Starts
You log in

9. Review What is a CPU measured in? Which memory is volatile?
MHz or GHz
Which memory is volatile?
RAM
Which is the largest?
3GB
3MB
3KB

10. Storage- Hard Drive Magnetic Storage 3.5”- desktop 2.5”- laptop
MB or GB
320GB
1TB

11. Storage- CD Optical (laser) ROM= Read Only R= Record Once
CD-ROM, DVD-ROM
CD-R, DVD+/- R
CD-RW, DVD+/- RW
Blu-Ray
ROM= Read Only
R= Record Once
RW= Rewritable
CD= 80 min./ 700MB
DVD= 2 hrs./ 4.7GB
BD= 4.5 hrs. of HD/ 25GB

12. Storage- Floppy Disks
8-inch ¼” ½”
Magnetic Storage- 3.5”=1.44MB

13. Storage- Flash
Flash
No moving parts
Data & electricity

14. Storage- Solid State Drive/Media
Hard drive with no moving parts
Non-volatile
Used as mobile storage, music players, etc.

15. Review
T/F. Hard drives are used to temporarily store what you are creating.
False
Which removable storage would you use to copy pictures from one PC to another?
Flash Drive, Memory Card, Floppy, Ext. HD
Which optical storage would be used to store music and then later erased to store photos?
CD-RW

16. Input Devices
Allow data IN the computer

17. Mouse- Input Ball Optical Laser On-screen arrow is pointer Pointing
Clicking
Dragging
Double-clicking
Right-clicking

18. Voice Recognition- Input
Speak commands into PC & enter text
Software must be installed
Disabled people use

19. Are these input devices?

20. Output Devices
Data comes OUT of the computer
Name some

21. PC Connections

22. USB Ports PnP “hot swap” Handles up to 127 devices
Speeds up to 480mbps (40MB)
A to B connections
Average digital photo is 2MB. Average mp3 song is 3-4MB. At typical USB speeds, you can transfer about 10 songs per second or 20 pictures per second. B A

23. PS/2 Ports & VGA Port PS/2 Purple Green 6 pin VGA Blue Monitor
Keyboard
Green
Mouse
6 pin
VGA
Blue
Monitor
15 pin female

24. Parallel & Serial Parallel Serial 25 port female IEEE 1284
Old Printers
Serial
9 port male
RS-232
Old modems & mice

25. Parallel & Serial Devices

26. NIC & Modem
NIC
RJ45
100Mbps
Modem
RJ11
Phone/Line Jacks
56kbps

27. Sound Card
Line Out
Headphone
Speakers
Line In
Microphone

28. Other Ports
S-video
HDMI
DVI
Firewire

29. Review
Which part of the computer performs calculations and controls processes?
CPU
What is it called when people can speak into a PC and have it perform those commands?
Voice recognition
Which type of memory is volatile?
RAM

30. Review Which software translates speech into text?
Voice recognition
What is the name of the path that data travels on a motherboard?
Bus
Which type of storage device has no moving parts?
Flash/USB drive

31. PC Connections

32. Review 1

33. Review 2

34. Computing Fundamentals
Unit 2- Computer Hardware