1. Skeletal System Disorders

2. State Standards
12) Explain the structure and function of joints in the body by distinguishing among the three classifications (synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis). Detail the bones involved in each joint, supply examples, and summarize the methods by which joints assist in movement. In addition, be able to locate and describe joint-related structures such as tendons, ligaments, bursae, and cartilage. Summarize what happens to joints when cartilage erodes.

3. Objectives Students will be able to…
Identify common diseases of the skeletal system and their causes.
Identify common injuries to the skeletal system and how each presents itself.
Create a presentation over a selected skeletal disorder/disease to teach the class.

4. Osteomyelitis Infection of the bone
Causes include: invading bacteria, pneumonia, typhoid, inflammation of teeth, and injury to bone

6. Joint Disorders

7. Arthritis
Inflammation of the joints = pain, stiffness, & swelling (over 100 different forms - most crippling disease in the U.S.)
Treatment may include: anti-inflammatory medication like aspirin, exercise to maintain joint mobility, rest during pain, heat for stiffness and/or cold for swelling

9. Osteoarthritis
Joint damage that occurs when articular cartilage softens & breaks down = pain, stiffness, & restricted movement
Causes include: aging, irritation, wear & abrasion of joints
Most common type of chronic arthritis
Frequently affects fingers, spine, knees & hips

10. Osteoarthritis

11. Rheumatoid Arthritis
Inflammation of the synovial membrane resulting in swollen, painful joints - muscle spasms, destruction of cartilage, and abnormal calcium deposits are features of this disease, swan neck fingers
Cause: autoimmune disorder
Affects 3x more women than men; usually begins between ages

12. Rheumatoid Arthritis

13. Gout
A very painful attack (inflammation) in a single joint, commonly the big toe
Cause: uric acid(waste product) is not properly metabolized & builds up in the blood - needle-shaped uric acid crystals are then deposited in a joint
Most common in males after age 30; hereditary link
Treatment: drugs, weight loss, diet low in nucleic acid and avoidance of alcohol

14. Gout

15. Dislocation
Bone is forced out of its proper position in a joint

17. Sprain
Tearing or straining of tendons and/or ligaments resulting in pain & swelling; heals slowly due to poor blood supply in tendons/ligaments
Treatment: RICE - Rest, Ice, Compression & Elevation

18. Sprain

19. Nutritional Disorders

20. Rickets
Cartilage does not ossify in children, resulting in soft bones which become bent and distorted
Cause: Vitamin D deficiency

21. Rickets

22. Osteomalacia
Adult bones demineralize resulting in bowed legs, flattened pelvis, and spinal deformity
Cause: Vitamin D deficiency

24. Osteoporosis
A loss in bone mass leading to thin, fragile bones - especially in the spine and femur
Cause: Aging, Gender(female), menopause (decreased estrogen), poor diet, lack of exercise, genetics, smoking
Treatment/Prevention: minimize risk of falls, slow down demineralization process, treat pain

25. Osteoporosis

26. Closed Fracture
Bone is broken but stays in place - does not penetrate the skin
A “clean break”
Also called a closed fracture

27. Closed Fracture

28. Compound Fracture
Broken ends of the bone protrude through soft tissues and the skin
May result in severe bone infection (osteomyelitis) = massive doses of antibiotics
Also called an open fracture

29. WARNING YUCKY PICTURE COMING

30. Compound Fracture

31. Greenstick fracture
Bone breaks incompletely, much in the way a green twig breaks
Common in children due to higher cartilage content

32. Greenstick fracture

33. Spinal Problems

34. Herniated discs
Discs dry and harden with age, which may cause them to protrude and press on the spinal cord or nerves; results in numbness & excruciating pain

36. Abnormal Spinal Curvatures
May be congenital (present at birth), or due to disease, poor posture, or unequal muscle pull on spine

37. Scoliosis
Lateral curvature of the spine

38. Kyphosis
Thoracic vertebrae curve outward “hunchback”

39. Lordosis
Lumbar vertebrae curve inward “swayback”

40. Activity
Choose a Skeletal Disorder that was not discussed in the ppt. You will create a short 2-3 minute presentation that will be due in the next class period.
Research the following information about the disorder….
Cause
Pathophysiology (how it impacts the body)
Which type of bones are impacted (axial, appendicular, mixture)
Signs and symptoms
Age group most often impacted
Pictures of the disorder
Treatments for the disorder
Ways to prevent the disorder
1 interesting fact about the disorder
Create 5 questions to ask the class over the presentation.

41. Individually Complete the case study questions on p.109
Do # (Complete sentences)

42. Within your assigned groups, you will create a 3D model of the spinal column. You will be provided slices of pool noodle (vertebra) and rubber bands (discs) string (spinal cord).
As a group arrange the model into scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis. Discuss each of these conditions. Discuss how a herniate disc would appear. Choose one of these conditions and use the ipads/phones to research information for an informational flyer. List interesting facts, symptoms, treatments, and an illustration.