1. FAIR Machine Cycles David Ondreka
6th FAIR Machine Advisory Committee Meeting
GSI, Darmstadt

2. FAIR Machine Cycles / D. Ondreka
Outline
Scenarios for FAIR Operation
Overview of GSI Operation
FAIR Parallel Operation Modes
Machine Modeling and Setting Generation for FAIR
Setting Generation for FAIR using LSA
Physics Model for FAIR Machines
Pattern Concept
LSA Collaboration with CERN
Summary/Outlook
6th FAIR MAC /
FAIR Machine Cycles / D. Ondreka

3. Part I Scenarios for FAIR Operation

4. GSI Operation GSI facility Parallel operation
3 accelerators
20 experimental areas
Parallel operation
Unilac, SIS18, ESR independent
3 different ion species
5 parallel experiments
Experiments demand high flexibility
Variation of beam parameters (daily)
energy, intensity
extraction type
number of bunches
Change of beam sharing (daily)
Switching of ion species (weekly)
Adjustment of schedule (monthly)
Typical GSI beam time schedule
Unilac
SIS18
ESR
6th FAIR MAC /
FAIR Machine Cycles / D. Ondreka

5. Super Cycles at GSI: SIS18
Cycles are stand-alone
Template determines possible execution sequences
Beam requests determine actual execution sequence
Time honored, but two major flaws:
Unpredictable magnetic history
Frequently leads to beam degradation
Empty cycles needed, wasting duty cycle
Next cycle not known
Time for preparing transfer lines lost
Sometimes leads to beam degradation
Needs to be changed for FAIR...
Super cycle template
Cave A
Cave B
ESR
Possible execution sequences
6th FAIR MAC /
FAIR Machine Cycles / D. Ondreka

6. FAIR Operation Main requirements Periodic beam patterns
Maximization of duty cycle
Flexibility similar to GSI
Periodic beam patterns
Period set by main experiment
Other experiments must fit into the gaps
Non-periodic beam patterns
Interrupt periodic beam patterns
Main example: plasma physics
Complexity increase over GSI
More cycling machines per experiment
Stronger constraints from beamlines
GSI
FAIR
Accelerators 3
4 (7)
Exp. areas 20
6 (8)
Parallel Exp. 5
2 (3)
Accelerators / Exp.
1-3
3-5 (3-6)
Parallel Operation in the GSI facility
Unilac
SIS18
ESR
TH + ESR
pbar + CBM + RIB ext. target
Unilac
p-Linac
SIS18
SIS100
SIS300 CR
RESR
HESR
Parallel Operation in the full FAIR facility
6th FAIR MAC /
FAIR Machine Cycles / D. Ondreka

7. FAIR Operation Main requirements Periodic beam patterns
Maximization of duty cycle
Flexibility similar to GSI
Periodic beam patterns
Period set by main experiment
Other experiments must fit into the gaps
Non-periodic beam patterns
Interrupt periodic beam patterns
Main example: plasma physics
Complexity increase over GSI
More cycling machines per experiment
Stronger constraints from beamlines
Parallel Operation in the GSI facility
Unilac
SIS18
ESR
TH + ESR
pbar + CBM + RIB ext. target
Unilac
p-Linac
SIS18
SIS100
SIS300 CR
RESR
HESR
Parallel Operation in the full FAIR facility
GSI
FAIR
Accelerators 3
4 (7)
Exp. areas 20
6 (8)
Parallel Exp. 5
2 (3)
Accelerators / Exp.
1-3
3-5 (3-6)
6th FAIR MAC /
FAIR Machine Cycles / D. Ondreka

8. FAIR Parallel Operation (Modules 0-3)
Periodic beam patterns, dominated by one main experiment:
SIS18
SIS100
Unilac
CBM + RIB ext. target (U73+) + AP (LE)
ESR
RIB ext. target (U28+) + ESR
pbar + RIB ext. target (U28+) + AP (HE)
HESR CR
p-Linac
pbar + RIB ext. target (U28+) + AP (HE)
HESR
SIS18
SIS100 CR
p-Linac
Unilac
SIS18
SIS100
Unilac
CBM + RIB ext. target (U73+) + AP (LE)
SIS18
SIS100
Unilac
ESR
RIB ext. target (U28+) + ESR
Modeling of beam patterns is a major challenge for FAIR setting generation
6th FAIR MAC /
FAIR Machine Cycles / D. Ondreka

9. Part II Machine Modeling and Setting Generation for FAIR

10. Setting Generation for FAIR using LSA
Setting generation component of FAIR control system will be realized using the LSA framework from CERN
LHC Software Architecture: CERN setting generation system
Framework for accelerator modeling
Modern (JAVA/DB based 3-tier architecture)
Mature (production use for LHC, SPS, LEIR)
Maintained (CERN INCA project, FAIR!)
Realization by project group 'FAIR DV' (since 12/2009)
Joint expertise
Machine physics divisions (synchrotrons, storage rings)
Controls and operations divisions
Main tasks
Development of physics model for all FAIR machines
Compilation of reference cycles for specifications
Development of applications for setting management
Adaptation of LSA framework to FAIR requirements
Collaboration with CERN established to adapt LSA
6th FAIR MAC /
FAIR Machine Cycles / D. Ondreka

11. Physics Model for FAIR Machines
Main goal: Generic models (rings, beamlines)
Accelerator specific data (devices, optics)
Common model for identical physics
Collection of data from various sources
Data of existing models, device doc, raw data
TDR or specs for non-existing FAIR devices
Unfortunately no components DB yet
Implementation of models based on
Experience with existing models
GSI studies from FAIR design phase
Simulations by theorists
Status (October 2011)
Generic synchrotron model implemented
Fast extraction cycles for SIS18 and SIS100 can be calculated (including beamlines)
LSA DB
XML
TDR
Specs
Raw data
Scripts
Standardization of data for import
Physics
Hardware KL
ABKT
ALPHAC
GAMMA
FREV
FRFRING
PRFRING
URFRING
BRHO BL I U
PHIS
PRF
URF
FRF
Generic LSA parameter hierarchy for rings
6th FAIR MAC /
FAIR Machine Cycles / D. Ondreka

12. Reference Cycles: SIS18 Booster Mode
RF frequency (H=2)
RF frequency (H=4)
Main dipole field
RF voltage (H=2)
RF voltage (H=4)
Ion
U28+
Npart
2·1011/Cycle
Einj
11.4MeV/u
Eext
200 MeV/u
Hrf
2/4 (dual)
frep
2.8 Hz
6th FAIR MAC /
FAIR Machine Cycles / D. Ondreka

13. Reference Cycles: SIS100 RIB Fixed Target
RF frequency (H=10)
Main dipole field
RF voltage (H=10)
Ion
U28+
Npart
5·1011
Einj
200 MeV/u
Eext
1500 MeV/u
Hrf
10 (single)
Text
2 s
6th FAIR MAC /
FAIR Machine Cycles / D. Ondreka

14. Reference Cycles: pbar + RIB + RIB
HESR
SIS18
SIS100 CR
p-Linac
Unilac
SIS18
SIS100
No pattern concept in LSA yet!
Magnetic rigidity in SIS18
Magnetic rigidity in SIS100
t [s]
6th FAIR MAC /
FAIR Machine Cycles / D. Ondreka

15. Testing the Physics Model
LSA not yet productive at GSI, but...
...LSA system can be used to run SIS18!
First test with beam performed
Further tests planned for 2012
Test of system after refactoring
Test of new algorithms
New optics for booster mode
Dual harmonic acceleration
Space charge corrections
Increase of availability foreseen
Two independent LSA systems (test/dev)
Freeze on test system between releases
Tailored applications
First LSA generated beam from SIS18
(U73+, 300 MeV/u, fast extraction)
LSA application for parameter modification
(ParamModi)
6th FAIR MAC /
FAIR Machine Cycles / D. Ondreka

16. FAIR Machine Cycles / D. Ondreka
Pattern Concept
Pattern
SIS18
SIS100 CR
Concepts for modeling beam patterns
Pattern Block of cycle executions across the facility to deliver a certain beam pattern
Chain Sequence of cycles spanning machines to deliver beam to a single experiment
Super Cycle Sequence of cycles in a single machine within a beam pattern (existing in LSA)
Flexibility can be maintained with patterns
Patterns may be periodic or aperiodic
Independent patterns for disjoint parts
Switching of predefined patterns (manually or based on beam requests)
Fast definition or adaptation of patterns through special application
Chains
SIS18
SIS100 CR
Super Cycles
SIS18
SIS100 CR
6th FAIR MAC /
FAIR Machine Cycles / D. Ondreka

17. Dynamic Magnet Effects
Conditioning cycles
Mostly iron dominated magnets
Hysteresis (memory) effects
Eddy current effects
Reproducible for known history
Possible cures by software
Choice of cycle sequence
Conditioning cycles for clean history
Periodic patterns to fix history
Conditioning ramps to avoid hysteresis
Reserve time for eddy current decay
Modification of settings during setup
Parameters for compensation of hysteresis
Field corrections based on measurements
Conditioning ramps
Hysteresis compensation
In addition to software measures, there are also some hardware solutions foreseen:
Field control (ref strings, hall probes)
Orbit/Tune feedback (in rings)
6th FAIR MAC /
FAIR Machine Cycles / D. Ondreka

18. FAIR Machine Cycles / D. Ondreka
Malfunctions
Common malfunctions
Device failures (quench, HW fault, ...)
High beam loss (e.g. through bad settings)
Response to malfunctions
Device failures block corresponding machine (not necessarily all beams affected)
High beam loss blocks corresponding chain
Beam in unfinished chains must be dumped
Effect on active pattern
Unaffected chains may be continued
Preserve super cycles in unaffected machines
Disable beam in affected chains
Dumping beam requires alternative patterns
Execution of next chain may be delayed
In case of major problems change pattern
SIS18
SIS100 CR t
Execution of pbar chain started:
SIS18
SIS100 CR t
Malfunction in CR, transfer impossible:
SIS18
SIS100
DUMP t
Switch to dump, delaying further chains:
After dumping p-beam, resume next chain:
SIS18
SIS100
DUMP t
6th FAIR MAC /
FAIR Machine Cycles / D. Ondreka

19. LSA Collaboration with CERN
Goals
One common LSA framework for CERN and FAIR
Institute specific extensions possible
Coordination
Regular collaboration meetings (2 per year)
Frequent video/phone conferences
Workflow
Agreement about changes with key CERN staff
Implementation workload shared
Extensive testing at GSI
Merging of changes into CERN code base
Release cycle presently determined by CERN
Major topics
Modeling of beam patterns
Extensions implemented so far:
Rules
Default make rules
New rule hierarchy
Adaptation rules
Rule parameters
Calibrations
Several calibrations per device
Calibration types and units
Flexible cycle lengths (work in progress)
6th FAIR MAC /
FAIR Machine Cycles / D. Ondreka

20. FAIR Machine Cycles / D. Ondreka
Summary/Outlook
Summary
Patterns are a key concept for modeling the parallel operation in FAIR
Setting generation system based on LSA framework set up at GSI
Physics model allows calculation of reference cycles for synchrotrons
Extensions to the LSA framework are necessary to fit FAIR requirements
LSA collaboration with CERN established to realize LSA extensions
Next steps
LSA framework
Implementation of length change
Design of pattern concept
Physics model
Completion of synchrotron operation modes (slow extraction, rf manipulations)
Implementation of generic storage ring operation modes
Preparation of ESR model for testing with beam
6th FAIR MAC /
FAIR Machine Cycles / D. Ondreka

21. Thank you for your attention!
6th FAIR MAC /
FAIR Machine Cycles / D. Ondreka