1. Classification of Living Things
Ms. Edwards

2. Characteristics of Living Things
All living things:
1. Have Cellular Organization
2. Share Chemicals of Life
3. Need Energy
4. Respond to Surroundings
5. Grow and Develop
6. Reproduce

3. Cellular Organization
Cell- The basic unit of structure and function in an organism
Unicellular- single celled
Multicellular- many cells

4. Chemicals of Life Carbohydrates- also called sugars, used for energy
Proteins- building material of cells
Lipids- building material of cells
Nucleic Acids- genetic material, gives cell instructions and controls cell’s activities

5. Energy Use Cells need energy to function and repair themselves!
The sun is the ultimate source of energy for all life on earth.

6. Response to Surroundings
Stimulus- a change that causes an organism to react (ex: temp, light, sound)
Response- an action or change in behavior…happens because of stimulus

7. Growth, Development, Reproduction
Growth- getting larger
Development- becoming more complex
Reproduction- passing on genetic material

8. Life Comes From Life
Spontaneous Generation- living things can arise from nonliving things- HAS BEEN DISPROVEN
It took hundreds of years and lots of experiments to prove this

9. Life Comes From Life
Francesco Redi designed one of the first controlled experiments. In his experiment, Redi showed that flies do not spontaneously arise from decaying meat.

10. Life Comes From Life
Louis Pasteur’s carefully controlled experiment demonstrated that bacteria arise only from existing bacteria.

11. The Needs of Living Things
1. Water- can only live a few days without water. Need it to obtain chemicals, digest, grow, move, and reproduce
2. Food- Used for energy source
a. Autotrophs- Make their own energy using sunlight (plants)
b. Heterotrophs- Obtain food by eating other organisms

12. The Needs of Living Things
3. Living Space- organisms compete for space and resources
4. Stable Internal Conditions
a. Homeostasis- maintaining stable internal conditions so cells can properly function (our body temp)

13. Classification
Scientists classify so we can make sense of the world and living things, makes living things easier to study.
Classification- the process of grouping things based on their similarities
Taxonomy- the scientific study of how living things are classified

14. Classification
Binomial Nomenclature- Created by Linneaeus, 2-part naming system. Uses Genus and Species. Ex: Homo sapiens
Genus- contains similar, closely-related organisms. Pumas and house cats are in Genus Felis. They have sharp, retractable claws, and hunt.
Species- group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce viable offspring

15. Classification Broad Specific
Levels of Classification- The more levels that 2 organisms share, the more characteristics they have in common
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Broad
Specific

16. Levels of Classification
As you move down the levels of classification, the number of organisms decreases. The organisms at lower levels share more characteristics with each other.

17. Terms Prokaryotes- Don’t have a nucleus Eukaryotes- have a nucleus
Eukaryotes- have a nucleus
Autotrophs- Make food from sun
Heterotrophs- obtain food from eating autotrophs and other heterotrophs

18. (plants, fungi, bacteria)
Cell Wall- rigid layer of material that surrounds some cells to provide protection & support
(plants, fungi, bacteria)
plant
No cell wall
bacteria
animal

19. Three Domains of Life
In the three-domain system of classifications, all known organisms belong to one of three domains–Bacteria, Archaea, or Eukarya.

20. (Prokaryotes, Autotrophs & Heterotrophs, Cell Walls)
Three Domains of Life
Bacteria
(Prokaryotes, Autotrophs & Heterotrophs, Cell Walls)
Kingdom: Eubacteria
On your body, in foods we eat. Most aren’t harmful.
Archaea
Kingdom: Archaebacteria
Live in extreme environments (dark, hot, salty, etc). Archaea means “ancient” in Greek.
Eukarya
(Eukaryotes)
Kingdoms:
Protists- Can’t be classified as anything else. Very Diverse. (NO Cell Walls) Auto/heterotrophs, uni/multicellular. Seaweed, Paramecium
Fungi- Mushrooms, molds, mildew. Most are multicellular. Heterotrophs. (Cell Walls) Absorb nutrients from decaying organisms.
Plants- trees, moss, peas. Multicellular. (Cell Walls) Most live on land. Autotrophs. Very diverse.
Animals- Multicellular. Heterotrophs. (NO Cell Walls) Very diverse.

21. Taxonomic (Dichotomous) Key
Keys are used to determine the identification of organisms.
Statements are in pairs