1. Whilst I do the register... Can you explain the Term?
NEP
Provisional Government
Autocracy
CPSU
War Communism
Cheka
Autocracy - a system of government by one person with absolute power.
Comintern
Petrograd Soviet

2. Unit 2 In-Depth Study Russia in Transition, 1905-1924

3. Assessment of Unit 2: Russia 1905-24: 1hr15mins
Here is a summary of the accredited style of the Unit 2 examination paper: Qu
New Style of question
Stem MK
Min
1 (a)
Use of source material and own knowledge to describe an aspect of history
Use source A and your own knowledge to describe… 3 4
1 (b)
Explanation of an historical development
Explain why… 6 9
1 (c)
Discussion of different viewpoints of an historical development
Why do sources A and B have different views… 8 12
2 (a)
Deployment of knowledge of an historical event
Describe…
2(b)
Why did….
2 (c)
Evaluation of an historical concept including cause/consequence/change/importance/significance
How successful was…
3 (a)
Outline of main features of an historical development
Outline the main changes / features….
3 (b)
Evaluative essay with additional marks for spelling, punctuation and grammar
How far had…
12+3 17
Total 54 75

4. Question 1a
The question will utilize a single piece of visual source material.
The question will ask candidates to use a source and their own knowledge to describe an historical issue
The focus of this question is being able to extract information from visual source material and to enhance this with own knowledge.
There will be one mark awarded for extraction of information and an additional two marks for own knowledge in this question.

5. Question 1a – mark scheme
You will get one mark for a generalised answer, paraphrasing or describing the source only. You will get two marks if you use the source well or if you use the source with some own knowledge. You will get three marks if you also place the source in its historical context and provide some background detail from your own knowledge.

6. Group Challenge Get into groups of 4.
You will be given a selection of sheets with images on them.
You have the time it takes for the song to play TWICE to annotate and explain every image!
Good luck

7. Causes of Russian Revolution
WW1 losses
Battle of Tannenberg
Battle of Mansurian Lakes
Tsar Dumas WW1
Politics Bolsheviks Mensheviks Social Revolutionaries
Peasants= Food Money Horses Life

8. Bolsheviks take over
February 1917 Petrograd Soviet Strikes Soviet Order #1
March 1917
Abdicated
April 1917
Thesis
Dual Power starts
October 1917
Lenin+Trotsky
Bloodless takeover
Weakness of Provisional Government
June offensive
July Days riots
Kornilov Revolt

9. Consequences of October Revolution 1917
November decrees December decrees
Russia surrenders
Lost farmland and natural resources
Lenin closes Constituent Assembly

10. Lenin closed Constituent Assembly
Causes of the Civil War
Brest-Litovsk War Communism November Decrees December Decrees
Lenin closed Constituent Assembly
Czech
Rivals

11. Sides of the Civil War Denikin Vs Wrangel Yudenich Kolchak Semenov
Miller Vs
Why?

12. War Communism + Peasant support + Propaganda Vs. White failures
Why did the Reds win?
War Communism + Peasant support + Propaganda Vs. White failures

13. New Economic Policy Kronstadt Mutiny War Communism=
Famine + Cannibalism
War Communism=Out NEP=In NEP= Capitalism?

14. The Communist State CPSU + USSR Centralisation Trade Women Youths Art
Schools
Art
Culture
Propaganda

15. Lenin’s Legacy Rivals for Power The Legacy Was Lenin a good leader?
Reflecting on Lenin’s death, Churchill wrote: ‘Their worst misfortune was his birth, their next worst – his death’.
Lenin’s Testament

16. Focus Question: Question 1b [6]
The question will ask candidates to explain why a certain issue or development occurred.
The focus of this question is largely the concept of causation. It should allow candidates to show their ability to give reasons for events or developments that they have studied.
It is envisaged that the questions set will be broad enough to allow candidates to offer a range of reasons in their answers.

17. Question 1b – mark scheme
You will get three or four marks for a more detailed and accurate explanation, if you give more than one reason. You will get five or six marks for a full explanation which is focused and explains a range of reasons.

18. Consequences
I will give you a number and an event – you will need to write your task on the top of a clean sheet of A4. The explain one cause or impact and pass on. You cannot repeat anything that has already be stated, but you can correct!
Causes of the 1905 revolution.
Impact of 1905 revolution.
Impact of the First World War on Russia
Causes of the February 1917 Revolution.
Problems of Dual Power.
Opposition to the Bolsheviks in 1918
Development during the Civil War
Reasons Reds won the Civil War
Reasons for the introduction of the NEP.
Ways Lenin tried to establish a Communist State
What was Lenin’s legacy to Russia?

19. Focus Question: Question 1c [8]
This question requires the study of two sources [B and C]. The question will ask candidates why the viewpoints in the sources are different. The sources given will highlight different views about the particular issue. The focus of this question is to explain the difference in views concentrating on what each source says or shows, and differences in aspects such as the authorship, the date and the purpose of the publications.

20. Question 1c – mark scheme
You will get between 5 and 6 marks if you attempt to explain both views with clear reference to the content and the attributions; you provide some support from your knowledge
You will get 7 or 8 marks if you give a balanced answer with good support from the sources and your own knowledge; you give a detailed consideration of the attributions of each source

21. You know have 12 minutes to answer this question.
Study the two sources – Why do sources B and C have different views about Lenin’s contribution to the October Revolution?
Source B – Leon Trotsky, describing his role in the October Revolution, in his Biography, My Life, published in 1930, after he left Russia.
Source C – School textbook by Terry Fiehn, Russia and the USSR, , (1999).
On the third floor of the Bolshevik headquarters the Central Committee was constantly busy. All that week I hardly stepped outside. Spent the nights on a leather couch without undressing, sleeping in snatches, and constantly being woken up to receive written messages and telephone calls and give orders. I felt completely in control.
The Bolsheviks were able to seize control in October 1917 mainly because of their leader Lenin. He knew what he wanted right from the beginning. He had a clear plan and was well organised. The other leading Bolsheviks were not sure what to do.
Photocopy for students,
You know have 12 minutes to answer this question.

22. Study the two sources – Why do sources B and C have different views about Lenin’s contribution to the October Revolution?
Source B – Leon Trotsky, describing his role in the October Revolution, in his biography, My Life, published in 1930, after he left Russia.
Source C – School textbook by Terry Fiehn, Russia and the USSR, , (1999).
On the third floor of the Bolshevik headquarters the Central Committee was constantly busy. All that week I hardly stepped outside. Spent the nights on a leather couch without undressing, sleeping in snatches, and constantly being woken up to receive written messages and telephone calls and give orders. I felt completely in control.
The Bolsheviks were able to seize control in October 1917 mainly because of their leader Lenin. He knew what he wanted right from the beginning. He had a clear plan and was well organised. The other leading Bolsheviks were not sure what to do.

23. Pictionary You need to get into four teams.
Now select an artist to come up to the front.
Lets play.
Team One:
Lenin
Storming of the Winter Palace
Red Army
Team Two:
Tsarina
Stolypin
Constituent Assembly
Team Three:
Rasputin
Treaty of Brest Litovsk
July Days
Team Four:
Trotsky
Cheka
Kronstadt Mutiny

24. Whilst I register, get yourself ready... 30 seconds...
Can you speak for 30 seconds about....
The murder of the Romanovs.
The organs of the Communist State.
Life under Communist rule.
Lenin’s legacy

25. Question 2a This question is still worth 4 marks.
The question will ask candidates to describe some historical features that they will have studied.
The question assesses own knowledge only.

26. 30 seconds... Can you speak for 30 seconds about....
The murder of the Romanovs.
The organs of the Communist State.
Life under Communist rule.
Lenin’s legacy

27. Question 2a – mark scheme
You will get three or four marks if you give a more detailed and accurate answer.

28. Question 2b
The question will ask candidates to explain why a certain issue or development occurred.
The focus of this question is largely the concept of causation. It should allow candidates to show their ability to give reasons for events or developments that they have studied.
It is envisaged that the questions set will be broad enough to allow candidates to offer a range of reasons in their answers.

29. Question 2b – mark scheme
You will get three or four marks if you give a more detailed and accurate explanation, give more than one reason. You will get five or six marks if you give a full explanation which is focused on the question and explains a range of reasons.

30. Focus Question: Question 2c
Worth 8 marks.
The question will be phrased to allow candidates to reach a judgement on a key historical concept such as the importance, significance or success of an individual or development or policy.
It is envisaged that the questions set will be broad enough to allow candidates to analyse the concept posed in the question.
The phrasing of this question does not invite a discussion about other factors.

31. Question 2c – mark scheme
You will get five or six marks if you give an accurate answer which focuses on the concept of success with some contextual support. You will get seven or eight marks if you give a detailed analysis of the key concept within the historical context; provide a reasoned evaluation of extent of success.

32. Handout allowed for planning!
History Tennis
I will give you a topic.
One side will argue it was successful and the other that it was not.
I will also select an umpire team of three, who will listen to each side and decide upon the overall judgement.
How successful was Trotsky in his attempts to reform the Red Army?
Give them a p/c of Russia in Transition page
Handout allowed for planning!

33. Question 3a
Worth 4 marks.
It allows candidates to deploy a list of factors or issues from their own knowledge.
This will be seen by the regular use of words such as ‘outline’ which suggests less detail than ‘describe’.
The question will be connected with the debate offered in Question 3(b)

34. Question 3a – mark scheme
You will get three or four marks if you deploy a more accurate and focused list of factors.

35. Focus Question: Question 3b
Worth 12 marks with an additional 3 marks for the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar.
The question assesses the ability to produce an extended discussion of an issue studied.
The question is phrased in such a way as to encourage a balanced discussion and to reach a judgement about the question
There will also be a statement giving some advice about what should be discussed in the answer.

36. 15 marker How far had Lenin created a strong Communist state in 1924?
Complete in timed conditions- 17 minutes .
Peer mark and level.
Write S and I.
Hand in for me to do R.

37. Question 3b – mark scheme
You will get 1 to 3 marks if you give a generalised answer which offers very little support. A one sided answer with some contextual support or a very weak two sided answer with little contextual support will get 4 marks. A developed one sided answer with contextual support or a weak two sided answer with some contextual support will get 5 or 6 marks. A very good one-sided answer with contextual support or an unbalanced two-sided response with contextual support will get 7 marks. A reasoned and developed analysis of the issue but lacking some detail or balance will get 8 or 9 marks depending on the contextual support. You will get 10 to 12 marks for a developed, reasoned and well-substantiated analysis of the issue set in the question.

38. Question: How far had Lenin created a strong Communist state by 1924
Use 0 for incorrect or irrelevant answers.
LEVEL 1 Generalised answer; basic response which offers little support. The Level 1 descriptor for quality of written communication may be considered here. [1-3] Eg: Yes, the Communists now ruled the country and passed laws to control it.
LEVEL 2 Answer begins to discuss the issue set in the question. The Level 2 descriptor for quality of written communication may be considered here. [4-6]
To distinguish between 4 and 6 marks apply the following:
For 4 marks: A one-sided answer with some contextual support OR a very weak two-sided answer with little contextual support.
For 5-6 marks: A developed one-sided answer with contextual support OR a weak two-sided answer with some contextual support. Award the higher mark for the degree of contextual support.
Eg: Answers will agree that the Communists did create a strong Communist state. Evidence for this will include: the Communist party was allowed; opposition was dealt with; they controlled aspects of everyday life through
propaganda and censorship.
LEVEL 3 Answer is mainly a reasoned analysis of the issue set in the question. The Level 3 descriptor for quality of written communication may be considered here. [7-9]
To distinguish between 7 and 9 marks apply the following:
For 7 marks: A very good one-sided answer with contextual support OR an unbalanced two-sided response with contextual support.
For 8-9 marks: A reasoned and developed analysis of the issue but lacking some detail or balance. Award the higher mark for the degree of contextual support.
Eg: Answers will identify a range of factors and begin to make links between factors. These will show the creation of a strong Communist state. Lenin had secured the Bolshevik take-over of power; he had created a one-party state;
took steps to eliminate opposition; the government controlled the press, imposed censorship and used propaganda; passed a number of laws to control aspects of everyday life such as religion and education. However, Lenin did have to agree to introduce the NEP which went against Communist principles.

39. LEVEL 4 Answer is a developed, reasoned and well-substantiated analysis of the
issue set in the question.
The Level 4 descriptor for quality of written communication may be considered here. [10-12]
To distinguish between 10 and 12 marks apply the following:
For 10 marks: A developed, reasoned and well-substantiated analysis with good balance, using mostly accurate and relevant contextual support.
For marks: A developed, reasoned and well-substantiated analysis with good balance, using fully accurate and relevant contextual support. Award the higher mark for the quality of contextual support.
Eg: Answers will provide a reasoned evaluation covering a broad range of factors. There will be good linkage between factors. Lenin had certainly laid the foundations of a Communist state with one-party government and central control exercised by the CPSU. There was elimination of all opposition via the Cheka and control over aspects of the economy such as banking and transport measures were introduced to control everyday life such as changes for women, the church, education and use of propaganda and censorship. Some elements of Lenin's policy were criticised for betraying Communist ideals such as the impact of the NEP and the rise of Nepmen. However, the evidence suggests that overall Lenin did achieve his aim.

40. Group Challenge Get into groups of 4. song to play
You need to pen another verse to the song about any aspect of Russian history– to the tune of “Rasputin”.
You have 5 minutes and then we will hear them!

41. Homework Ensure you are clear on your chronology – timelines!
Check you are clear on your key individuals - create a game where you have their name on one side and what they did on the other.
Look at reflection sheets from the mocks
How are you going to achieve your targets?
Sample papers.

42. Group Quiz Get into groups of four.
You also need an A3 sized white board.
I will only accept answers written on the white board.
You will all have to show me your boards at the same time.
Good luck!

43. 1. What was the name of the Tsar’s secret police?
2 marks – one for the answer, one for the correct spelling!

44. Okhrana

45. 2. Give me 3 reasons for the 1905 Revolution
3 marks

46. 1905 Revolution
Economic hardship – Peasants were badly hit by the harvests in 1900 and There was also an economic slump leading to workers being laid off.
Desire for political reform – MC liberals and Social Revolutionaries.
Russia’s defeat in the Russo-Japanese War,
Massacre on Bloody Sunday – 22 Jan 1905, Father Gapon, 200,000 people petition the Tsar. Troops are ordered to fire at the crowd.

47. 3. What was the October Manifesto – what did it do?
One mark for what it was & 4 available for what it did.
Total 5

48. October Manifesto Introduced by Chief Minister Sergie Witte.
Consitutional changes.
Now an elected parliament – Duma.
All Russian men had the vote.
Laws to be approved by the Duma.
Civil rights – free speech and right to meet.
Right to form political parties.
Uncensored newspapers.

49. 4. Who replaced Witte and was known for his ‘Repression and Reform’?
2 marks – one for name, one for spelling

50. Stolypin

51. 5. Why was Russia suffering so many defeats on the Eastern Front in WWI?
4 reasons – 4 marks

52. Reasons for Russian Defeats
Supplies and equipment – lack of it!
Poor leadership of Generals – didn’t work as a team and used out dated tactics; believed the cavalry and sabres could compete with German machine guns.
Lack of infrastructure – couldn’t make the weapons, get supplies to the troops, poor communication.
Leadership of the Tsar from 1915 – Limited and inexperienced; not a soldier. He was blamed for the defeats and so the peasants lost respect for him.

53. 6. Why did the Tsarina make the situation worse?
4 marks

54. Tsarina She was a German – thought to be a spy.
Left in charge of Russia when the Tsar went to the front. She refused to take the advice of the Duma leaving them very frustrated.
Dependent on Rasputin – people thought they were lovers. Negative propaganda.
Frequently dismissed capable ministers – replaced with incompetent friends of Rasputin. Leading to food and fuel shortages

55. 7. When did the Tsar abdicate?

56. 2 March 1917

57. 8. Who made up the Dual Power?
2 marks

58. Provisional Government and the Petrograd Soviet.

59. 9. What power made the Petrograd Soviet stronger?

60. Order Number 1 – 14 March 1917

61. 10. Who devised the April Thesis and what did it set out?

62. Lenin – Bolshevik aims: end the war; land for the peasants; end of capitalism.

63. Why were these factors important to the successful revolution in October 1917?

64. Lenin /5 Opposed the war. Gave drive and determination to the cause.
Slogans – ‘Peace, Land, Bread!’
Created the Red Guard.
Superb orator.

65. Weakness of the Provisional Government /5
Had not been elected by the people.
Could not overpower Order Number 1.
Kerensky armed the Red Army during the Kornilov Revolt.
Continued the war – defeats.
Lack of food and shortages.
Didn’t give the land to the peasants.

66. Name three of the Bolshvik decrees3

67. Bolshevik decrees
Decree on land – taken from tsar, nobles and Church for committees of peasants to divide equally.
Unemployment insurance.
Peace – end war.
Work – 8hr day
Titles – removed and women equal to men.
Press – all non Bolshevik newspapers were banned.
Set up political police – Cheka
Political parties – liberal party banned.
Banking – banks under the control of the Sovnarkom
Marriage – non religious weddings allowed and divorce was easier.

68. Name the treaty Russia signed with Germany to end the war
2 = name and spelling!

69. Brest-Litovsk

70. Name the 3 White Generals in the Civil War
Name + correct spelling /6

71. White Generals General Yudenich General Denikin Admiral Kolchak
Also mentioned in the book are General Wrangel, Miller and Semenov

72. Name the town where the Romanovs were murdered

73. Ekaterinburg

74. What did the NEP stand for and what did it replace?

75. New Economic Policy War Communism

76. What was the event that was like a ‘flash that lit up reality’ making Lenin abandon War Communism?

77. Kronstadt Mutiny

78. What was the ‘Komsomol’?

79. Soviet group for young people from 15 to their early 20s, that spread Communist propaganda.

80. Name the 5 leadership rivals following the death of Lenin
1 mark for each

81. Leadership rivals
Trotsky
Zinoviev
Kamenev
Bukharin
Stalin

82. Scores – Who is the winner?