1. Cell Structure
Object: to study the general structure of the cell, morphological variation (shapes) and size of cells through the light microscope.

2. History
In the 1600s, Anton Van Leevwenhoek used a single lens microscope to view bacteria

3. Leevwenhoek’s microscope

6. 2- Robert Hook (1635 – 1703): discovered small
“rooms” called CELLS
under a piece of cork

7. Robert Hook’s Microscope:

10. 3 – Scientists (Schwann, Schleiden and Virchow) put the CELL THEORY in (1882)
a – Cells are basic unit of living things
b – All living things are made up of cells
c – New cells come from pre-existing cells

11. Classification of Cells
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
e.g., Bacteria
Free Cells
Cells as a unit
Amoeba
Euglena
Reproductive cells
Somatic cells
Paramecium
Trypanosoma
eggs
sperms

12. But, what are the characteristics of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Types of Cells:
Prokaryotes
Ex. Bacteria and Blue green Algae
Eukaryotes
Ex. Plants, Animals, Fungi, and Protists
But, what are the characteristics of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

13. Differences between prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells
No nucleus [nucleoid instead]
Nucleus with envelope
DNA circular and not complexed with protein
DNA linear and with protein to form chromatin
Smaller than eukaryotes
larger than prokaryotes
No membrane bound organelles
Many membrane bound organelles
Simple cells
highly specialized.

14. Typical prokaryotic structures

15. Typical shapes of bacteria

16. Characteristic grouping (or not grouping)

19. Cocci do not have flagella

22. Cell Shapes

23. Cell Sizes
frog or fish egg are the largest individual cells easily visible, approx. 1mm diameter
human or sea urchin egg, approx. 100 m diameter
typical somatic cell, approx m
plant cells are larger, approx m
bacteria are smaller, approx m

24. Cell Size

25. Levels of Organization
Cell
tissue
organ
organ system
The levels of organization in a multicellular organism are individual cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. In this example, muscle cells make up smooth muscle tissue, which, along with other tissues, makes up the stomach, an organ. The stomach, in turn, is part of an organ system, the digestive system.

26. Different types of cells:
Protists: single eukaryotic cells:
such as:
1- Amoeba
2- Paramecium
3- Euglena
4- Trypanosomes

27. 1- Amoeba proteus

32. 2 – Paramecium caudatum

38. 3 – Euglena Viridis

41. 4 – Trypanosoma spp.

47. Representative Animal Cell

49. Representative Plant Cell

51. Components of Blood Blood is a mixture of cellular components
suspended in plasma:
1. Erythrocytes (RBCs)
2. Leukocytes (WBCs)
3. Thrombocytes (platelets)
Total Blood Volume: 8 % of body weight
2.75 / 5.5 liters of blood is plasma
(remaining is the cellular portion)

53. Centrifuged Blood Sample

54. Separation of Components
Plasma = Less Dense
Platelets / WBC’s
RBC’s
More Dense

56. WBC’ s
RBC’s

57. Microscopic Views Fish Blood Bird Blood Horse Blood Frog Blood
Cat Blood
Dog Blood
Fish Blood
Frog Blood
Snake Blood
Microscopic Views
Human Blood
Horse Blood