1. WFM 6202: Remote Sensing and GIS in Water Management
Geographic Information System (GIS)
Analysis of Planform Changes using Satellite Images
Dr. A.K.M. Saiful Islam
Institute of Water and Flood Management (IWFM)
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)
February, 2016

2. Presentation Outline Changes of River Banks
Change detection using Satellite Images
Types and sources of Satellite Images
Image Acquisition Processes
Image Analysis Tools: ILWIS, ERDAS
ILWIS: A Open Source Software
Google Earth:
As a free image source & analysis tool
Hands on Exercise using ILWIS and Landsat Images

3. Change of Bank Line
Most of the Major rivers of Bangladesh are either Meandering or Braided.
Every year, millions of people are affected by erosion that destroys standing crops, farmland and homestead land.
It is estimated that about 5% of the total Floodplain of Bangladesh is directly affected by erosion.

4. Bank Erosion/ Acceration
Changes during
Change of width of the rivers
Jamuna
Ganges
Padma
Upper Meghna
Lower Meghna
Bank erosion rate (m/yr)
Left  
*100
-20 38 7 66
Right
*84 56
121 -9
182
Maximum bank erosion rate (m/yr)
*784
665
620 NA
824
Bank erosion (ha/yr)
*5,020
2,240
1,800 48
1,172
Bank accretion (ha/yr)
*890
1,010
233 49
402
Jamuna
Ganges
Padma
Upper Meghna
Lower Meghna
Average width (m)
1984
9,720
4,367
5,689
3,406
6,661
1993
*11,220
4,693
7,116
3,391
8,897
Rate of change of width (m/yr)
184 36
159 2
248
Source: ISPAN, 1995 Note: * Rates derived for the period

5. Severity of Erosion
Teesta River at Sundarganj

6. Application of Remote Sensing for Monitoring Changes of Rive Banks
Satellite data is useful for monitoring changes of Bank lines.
However, careful inspection and Ground Truthing is necessary to verify the changes.
Using images of various Bands, False Color Composite images are developed to identify various features of the landscape.

7. LANDSAT 5 TM of the Korotoa river
True Color Composite
False Color Composite image

8. Satellites Spectral Images can be used Low resolution (<=1km):
NOAA, MODIS
Moderate resolution (<100m):
Landsat, SPOT
High resolution (<5m):
ICOKON, Quickbird, IRS, World View-2

9. Spectral Reflectance of Water, Vegetation, Soil and Rock1 2 3 4 5 7 TM

10. Medium Resolution Satellite
Landsat-7
Orbit: 705 km, inclination, sun-synchronous
Swath width: 185 km (FOV = 150)
Revisit time: 16 days
Spatial resolution: 15 m (PAN), 30 m (bands 1-5, 7), 60 m (band 6)
SPOT-1, 2, 3, 4
Orbit: 832 km, inclination, sun-synchronous
Swath width: 60 km
Revisit time: 26 days
Spatial resolution: 10 m (PAN), 20 m (Multispectral)

11. High Resolution Satellites
SPOT-5
Orbit: 822 km, inclination, sun-synchronous
Swath width: 60 km
Revisit time: 2-3 days
Spatial resolution: 5 m (PAN) 10 m (Multispectral)
IKONOS
Orbit: 681km, inclination, sun-synchronous
Swath width: 11km
Revisit time: 1-3 days
Spatial resolution: 1m (PAN), 4 m (Multispectral)

12. High Resolution Satellites
QuickBird
WorldView-1
WorldView-2
Panchromatic (B&W) nm nm nm
Multispectral:
Coastal Blue nm
Blue nm nm
Green nm nm
Yellow nm
Red nm
Red Edge nm
Near-IR 1 nm nm
Near-IR 2 nm
QuickBird
WorldView-1
WorldView-2
23 m
6.5 m

13. Sources of Satellite Images
High Resolution images need to be purchased.
However, some of the moderate resolution images can be downloaded freely.
Landsat TM and ETM images can be downloaded from USGS Global Visualization Viewer.
MODIS Images can be downloaded from LP DAAC web site at

15. False color composite of Landsat TM image at Shaghata, Gaibandha on Bangali River
11 November 1989
4 November 2005

16. Shift of Bankline
Bank
Shifting of bankline from base year (1989) to present year (2010) in meter
Left Bank
Right Bank
At the bridge Location
+240.8
1 km upstream
+190.5
1 km down stream
-34.2
+67.35

17. Planform changes of the Korotoa River at Shahjadpur
November 11, 1989
November 17, 2000
November 04, 2005
January 21, 2010

18. Change of Banklines

19. Google Earth as High Resolution Image Source, Chapai Nawababganj on Mahananda

20. Bank lines using Google Earth
February 27, 2004
February 19, 2006

21. Shift of Bank lines
Shifting of bank line from base year (2004) to present (m)
At the bridge Location
-1.9
16.2
1 km upstream
-1.3
15.3
1 km down stream
-2.9

22. Hands on Exercise on Planform changes of River using Satellite Images
A.K.M. Saiful Islam
IWFM, BUET

23. Outline Input Data: Software: ILWIS 3.8 Assignment:
Landsat Images of Year 1989 and 2010 of Band 1-4
Bridge Location Text File (Lat, Long)
Software: ILWIS 3.8
Assignment:
Develop False Color Composite Images
Show the location of the Bridge Site
Determine the Bank lines during 1989 and 2010
Detect Changes of Banks

24. Tiles of Landsat TM+ over Bangladesh

25. Arial Khan River at Kalkini of Madaripur district

26. Import Bridge Location
Import Bridge Location Text File “Bridge_Kalkini_Madaripur.txt”
It will imported as Table
Create a Point Map from the Table
Assign coordinate as “Lat-Lon”
Longitude, Latitude ,

27. Importing Bridge Locations
Use Import Wizard, Select Text files, Press Next Button

28. Import from Text files
Import as “Comma Delimited” ILWIS Table

29. Formatting as value domain
Skip 1 Lines as Header

30. Set precision as E-06 Change domain as “value”
Change precision as “1e-006”

31. Importing Bridge Text file as ILWIS Table
Finish importing table “kalkini_bridge”

32. Creating Maps file from Bridge Table
Open Table, Column1 as longitude and Column 2 as Latitude
Create Point Map from the Table by
Clicking right mouse > Table to Point Map

33. Create Point Maps from Table
X Column as Long and Y Column as Latitude
Coordinate System as LATLON
Output PointMap “Kalkini_Bridge” > Show

34. Point Map of Kalkini Bridge
Shows Bridge location
As point map

35. Import of Landsat Images of 1989 and 2010 in ILWIS
Band 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 in folder 2010 and 1989
Import using via GDAL as TIF format
Band 1-7 as TIF images
Import Geo-Tif Images to ILWIS format

36. Importing TIF Image of Bands
Import using TIF format and write file name
Change image format as (TIF) and give a name

37. Displaying image of a single band

38. Import Band 1 to 7 from TIF Images
Import Band 1 to 7 using the same tools with and save file name as b1 to b7.
Make a Map List using Band 1 to 7.

39. Creating Maplists from maps
Make map list using “>” and name it as “maps”
Add all 7 layers to create a maplist “Maps”

40. Select Bands (7-4-2) for false color composite maps
Use display tool
Select band as RGB

41. False color image during 2010
False color composite of landsat image

42. Add Bridge Layer over the Image
Select bridge point map and add it
Use add layer button

43. Insert Bridge location on false color composite maps
Change color to red
Location of the bridge in red color

44. Zoom over the Bridge Site
Use zoom tool
Zoom the map over bridge site

45. Creating Segment Maps of Bank
Create new segment
For bank lines
Write segment names

46. Customize Snap tools and tolerance for onscreen digitizing
Change tolerance
Values to small value
Customize
Using right
Mouse button

47. Onscreen Drawing of Bank lines
Insert tool
Start digitizing using Insert tool and then save

48. Planform change during last 21 years at the Bridge site
Bank lines in 1989
Bank lines in 2010

49. Change of Planforms using Images and Field verification
Field visit to the bridge site
Changes over 21 years

50. Measuring shifts at Bridge
Bank
Shifting of bank line from base year (2000) to present year (2005) in meter
At the bridge Location
-332
1 km upstream
1 km down stream

51. Existing Bank Protection Works

52. Thank you