1. What is Science? Lesson 1, Marking Period 1
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2. What is Science?
The word "science" probably brings to mind many different pictures:
All of those images reflect some aspect of science, but none of them provides a full picture because science has so many facets:

3. What is Science? (cont.)
Science is both a body of knowledge and a process. In school, science may sometimes seem like a collection of isolated and static facts listed in a textbook, but that's only a small part of the story. Just as importantly, science is also a process of discovery that allows us to link isolated facts into coherent and comprehensive understandings of the natural world.
Science is exciting. Science is a way of discovering what's in the universe and how those things work today, how they worked in the past, and how they are likely to work in the future. Scientists are motivated by the thrill of seeing or figuring out something that no one has before.
Science is useful. The knowledge generated by science is powerful and reliable. It can be used to develop new technologies, treat diseases, and deal with many other sorts of problems.
Science is ongoing. Science is continually refining and expanding our knowledge of the universe, and as it does, it leads to new questions for future investigation. Science will never be "finished."
Science is a global human endeavor. People all over the world participate in the process of science. And you can too!

4. Discovery: The Spark
"Eureka!" or "aha!" moments may not happen frequently, but they are often experiences that drive science and scientists.
What causes gravity?
How do tectonic plates move around on Earth's surface?
How do our brains store memories?
How do water molecules interact with each other?
For a scientist, every day holds the possibility of discovery — of coming up with a brand new idea or of observing something that no one has ever seen before. Vast bodies of knowledge have yet to be built and many of the most basic questions about the universe have yet to be answered:

5. EVERYDAY SCIENCE QUESTIONS
Scientific questions can seem complex (e.g., what chemical reactions allow cells to break the bonds in sugar molecules), but they don't have to be. You've probably posed many perfectly valid scientific questions yourself: how can airplanes fly, why do cakes rise in the oven, why do apples turn brown once they're cut? You can discover the answers to many of these "everyday" science questions in your local library, but for others, science may not have the answers yet, and answering such questions can lead to astonishing new discoveries. For example, we still don't know much about how your brain remembers to buy milk at the grocery store. Just as we're motivated to answer questions about our everyday experiences, scientists confront such questions at all scales, including questions about the very nature of the universe.

6. So what is science?
Science studies the natural world. This includes the components of the physical universe around us like atoms, plants, ecosystems, people, societies and galaxies, as well as the natural forces at work on those things. In contrast, science cannot study supernatural forces and explanations. For example, the idea that a supernatural afterlife exists is not a part of science since this afterlife operates outside the rules that govern the natural world.

7. Thinking Like a Scientist
Scientists use skills such as:
Observing
Inferring
Predicting
Classifying
Making models
to learn more about the world

8. Observing
Observing means using one or more of your senses to gather information.
Your senses include:
Sight
Hearing
Touch
Taste
Smell

9. Quantitative v. Qualitative
Observations can be either quantitative or qualitative.
Quantitative observations deal with a number, or amount.
Seeing that you have eight new s in your inbox is a quantitative observation.
Qualitative observations, on the other hand, deal with descriptions that cannot be expressed in numbers.
Noticing that a bike is blue and that a grape tastes sour are qualitative observations.

10. Inference v. Prediction
When you explain or interpret the things you observe, you are inferring or making an inference.
Making an inference doesn’t mean guessing wildly.
Inferences are based on reasoning from what you already know.
Predicting means making a forecast of what will happen in the future based on past experience or evidence.
While inferences are attempts to explain what is happening or has happened, predictions are forecasts or what will happen.

11. Classifying
Classifying is the process of grouping together items that are alike in some way.
You classify objects and information all the time.
Classifying things helps you to stay organized so you can easily find and use them later.

12. Making Models
Making models involves creating representations of complex objects or processes.
help people study and understand things that are complex or that can’t be observed directly.
allows scientists to share information that would otherwise be difficult to explain.
include diagrams and physical objects, such as globes and movie sets.
Some are computer-generated, like the ones architects use to design new buildings.
are only representations of the real object or process. Therefore, some information may be missing from a model.

13. What is Science?
Science is a way of learning about the natural world. Science also includes all the knowledge gained from exploring the natural world.

14. A Good Scientist
Successful scientists possess certain important attitudes, or habits:
Curiosity – eager to learn
Honesty – reports results truthfully
Open-mindedness – accepting of new ideas
Skepticism – an attitude of doubt
Creativity – inventive ways to solve problems

15. Video Project Grab a book Go to Table of Contents Preview the chapters
Select a chapter you are interested in
ON INDEX CARD:
Write your name
Chapter you have selected
Five things from that chapter that you could incorporate into your video

16. Mercury is the planet closest to the sun.
Facts
 A statement of fact can be correct or incorrect. You can check it by doing research.
Mercury is the planet closest to the sun.
Monkeys are mammals.

17. Opinions Bananas are the best fruit on a summer day.
A statement of opinion cannot be proved true or false. It is a belief or judgment. It often contains a word of judgment, such as best, should, or beautiful. It may begin with the words In my opinion or I believe.
Bananas are the best fruit on a summer day.
She is the coolest girl in school!

18. Is this statement a fact or an opinion?
A photo essay like Adelina’s Whales is the best genre for fourth graders to read.
While it can be proven that Adelina’s Whales is a photo essay, this statement contains an opinion. Notice “best” is a judgment word.
Is this statement a fact or an opinion?
Fact
Opinion

19. La Laguna is the most amazing place for Adelina to grow up.
It cannot be proven true or false. It involves a belief or judgment, feelings. It might be a valid opinion, but it is not a fact.
Is this statement a fact or an opinion?
Opinion
Fact

20. Adelina has lived in La Laguna her whole life.
This can be proven. A person could research this statement.
Is this statement a fact or an opinion?
Fact
Opinion

21. Is this statement a fact or an opinion?
Mother whales are proud parents. They lift their babies up to show them off.
Is this statement a fact or an opinion?
It involves a belief or judgment. It cannot be proven whether whales are proud parents or not.
Fact
Opinion

22. Whales brains are as large as a car’s engine.
This can be proven. A person could research this statement.
Is this statement a fact or an opinion?
Fact
Opinion

23. Fact v. Opinion With your partner in your notebook,
List two examples of facts.
List two examples of opinions.
BE PREPARED TO SHARE!!!

24. Hypothesis, Theory & Law
MISCONCEPTION: If evidence supports a hypothesis, it is upgraded to a theory. If the theory then garners even more support, it may be upgraded to a law.
In other words: Theories don’t graduate into laws and laws don’t get “down graded” into theories.

25. Hypothesis
A hypothesis is a reasonable guess based on what you know or observe, and hypotheses are proven and disproven all of the time.
Hypotheses play a strong role in the scientific method, the process that acts as the foundation of scientific exploration. After formulating a question, a scientist must create a hypothesis, a potential answer to the question. They then make a testable prediction, test, and analyze the data. Even then, a hypothesis needs to be tested and retested many times before it is generally accepted in the scientific community as being true.
Example: You observe that, upon waking up each morning, your trashcan is overturned and trash is spread around the yard. You form a hypothesis that raccoons are responsible. Through testing, the results will either support or refute your hypothesis.

26. Laws
Laws Are statements of fact meant to explain, in concise terms, an action or set of actions.
Are generally accepted to be true and universal, and can sometimes be expressed in terms of a single mathematical equation.
Are similar to mathematical postulates. They don’t really need any complex external proofs; they are accepted at face value based upon the fact that they have always been observed to be true.

27. Laws
Newton’s Three Laws of Motion
The Laws of Thermodynamics
Boyle's law of gases
The law of conservation of mass and energy
Hooke’s law of elasticity
Galileo's law of free fall
Kepler's three laws of planetary motion
Pick one and Write a brief Description, Find one not on the list and write a brief description.Newton's law of gravitation

28. Theories
This one is perhaps the most “controversial” of the terms we’ve looked at so far.
Why? Simply because people mistake a scientific theory for the every day use of the term “opinion”.

29. Theories
A "theory" is not an insult (as in the silly saying "it's just a theory"). A theory is simply the most elaborate form of consistent scientific knowledge not yet disproved by experiment.
In experimental sciences, a theory can never be "proved", it can only be "disproved" by experiment.
This is precisely was makes a theory scientific. A statement that cannot be disproved by experiment may still be highly respectable but it's simply not part of any experimental science.

30. Theories With your table partner, in your notebook
Describe Einstein’s Theory of Relativity
Research one other Theory and describe it.
BE PREPARED TO SHARE!!!

31. Laws v. Theories
The difference between a law and a theory is that a theory is much more complex and dynamic.
BIGGEST DIFFERENCE: A law governs a single action, whereas a theory explains an entire group of related phenomena.
A law gives the “what happens”
A theory explains the “why”

32. Analogy
A scientific law is like a slingshot. A slingshot has but one moving part-the rubber band. If you put a rock in it and draw it back, the rock will fly out at a predictable speed, depending upon the distance the band is drawn back.
An automobile has many moving parts, all working in unison to perform the chore of transporting someone from one point to another point. An automobile is a complex piece of machinery. Sometimes, improvements are made to one or more component parts. A new set of spark plugs that are composed of a better alloy that can withstand heat better, for example, might replace the existing set. But the function of the automobile as a whole remains unchanged.
A theory is like the automobile. Components of it can be changed or improved upon, without changing the overall truth of the theory as a whole.

33. Facts, Opinions, Laws and Theories1. 2.
Facts 1. 2.
Laws
1. Newton’s Laws state… 2.
Theories
1. Theory of Relativity is… 2.

34. Branches of Science A branch of science is a specific area of study.
Major branches: Physical, Life, Earth

35. Branches of Science List 10 branches of science and what they study
You may research on your phone or use the textbook p. 16 has 5 of them.

37. Branches of Earth Science
Complete the Branches of Earth Science foldable.
It will be graded!
Five Sections are: Astronomy, Geology, Hydrology, Meteorology, and Environmental Science
Front of flap should have the branch of science and three pictures related to that science. (must have color!)
Under the flap include a short description