1. TITLE
Types of microphones

2. TOPIC : TYPES OF MICROPHONES
SUBJECT
AUDIO & VIDEO SYSTEMS
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION AS A PART OF ALA SUBMISSION
TOPIC : TYPES OF MICROPHONES
BY :
NAME : SHUBHAM A. KANORIA
ENROLL :
DEPT : E.C.
SEMESTER : 5TH
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

3. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
Microphones
A microphone is a type of transducer.
Early microphones were invented for communication purposes.
Later modifications were made to design as the microphone was used more in entertainment industry.
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

4. Different Types of Microphones
Types of Microphones discussed :
Dynamic
Condenser/Capacitor
Electret
Ribbon
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

5. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
DYNAMIC MIC
Dynamic: a coil of wire attached to a diaphragm suspended in a magnetic field.
Sound waves vibrate diaphragm, coil vibrates in magnetic field and generates a electrical signal similar to sound wave
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

6. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

7. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
Description
Tends to have rougher response
Rugged and reliable
Handles heat, cold, and high humidity
Preferred for high SPL: guitar amps, drums
If flat response, can take the “edge” off sounds (woodwinds, brass)
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

8. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
Advantages
Relatively cheap
Rugged.
Can be easily miniaturized.
Disadvantages
The uniformity of response to different frequencies does not match that of the ribbon or condenser microphones.
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

9. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
CONDENSER/CAPACITOR MIC
Sometimes called capacitor mic.
2 parts: conductive diaphragm and metal backplate, spaced very close together
Both charged with static electricity
When sound waves strike diaphragm, it vibrates, varying the spacing between the plates
This variation generates a similar signal to incoming sound wave
Diaphragm mass is lower, responds faster to rapidly changing sound waves (transients)
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

10. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

11. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
Description
Condenser mics need external power supply (battery or phantom power)
Phantom power: 12 to 48 volts supplied through XLR cable
Most mixers have a switch to turn on phantom power
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

12. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
Wide, smooth frequency response
Detailed sound, Extended Highs
Omni type has excellent low-frequency response
Transient attacks sharp and clear
Preferred for acoustic instruments, cymbals, studio vocals
Can be miniaturized
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

13. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
Advantages
Best overall frequency response
Best Transient Response
Disadvantages
Expensive
May pop and crack when miked close
Requires a battery or external power supply
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

14. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
ELECTRET CONDENSER MICROPHONE
The electret condenser mic uses a special type of capacitor which has a permanent voltage built in during manufacture.
This is somewhat like a permanent magnet, in that it doesn't require any external power for operation.
good electret condenser mics usually include a pre-amplifier which does still require power.
Other than this difference, you can think of an electret condenser microphone as being the same as a normal condenser.
Still require a built in amplifier (transistor)
Powered with a battery housed in the casing.
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

15. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
RIBBON MIC
Thin metal foil or ribbon is suspended in a magnetic field
Sound waves vibrate the ribbon in the field and generate a electrical signal
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

16. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

17. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
Description
Prized for its warm, smooth tone quality
Delicate, damaged by temperature and humidity changes
Complements digital recording
Expensive
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

18. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
Advantages
Adds "warmth" to the tone by accenting lows when close-miked.
Disadvantages
Accenting lows sometimes produces "boomy" bass
Very susceptible to wind noise. Not suitable for outside use unless very well shielded.
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

19. MICROPHONE PICKUP PATTERNS
Pickup patterns help to reduce unwanted signal from getting pickups
Popular patterns: Monodirectional, Bidirectional, Cardioid, and Omnidirectional
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

20. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
THANK YOU
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION