2. CANCER Topic One: What is Cancer?
A disease where cells grow and divide uncontrollably damaging parts of body around them

3. DNA is the genetic material in the nucleus
Cancer begins with mutations in DNA
DNA is the genetic material in the nucleus
of plant and animal cells and it carries all the
information about the organism
Mutations disrupt the normal Cell Cycle
Cells divide uncontrollably creating too
many cells
Model of DNA Molecule

4. Structure of DNA The DNA molecule is shaped like a twisted ladder.
- Cell Division
Structure of DNA
The DNA molecule is shaped like a twisted ladder.
How do the Nitrogen bases pair up?
Adenine – Thymine
Cytosine - Guanine

5. Replication of DNA Adenine – Thymine Cytosine - Guanine What is it?
- Cell Division
What is it?
When DNA make exact copy of itself
Do the nitrogen bases have to match up?
YES!!
How?
Adenine – Thymine
Cytosine - Guanine
New DNA stand
Old DNA stand

6. Cancer begins with one abnormal cell that keeps dividing – making more cells

7. Next, Tumor develops when the cells keep piling up and piling up and……

8. Eventually tumor cells spread to other parts of body called - METASTASIS

9. Topic Two: Treating Cancer
Cancer can be treated in 3 Ways:
1. Surgery: remove the tumor
when the tumor is in one place
2. Radiation: If tumor can’t
be removed
3. Chemotherapy: Using drugs when the tumor has spread or metastasized
Many times doctors may use one or more treatments together, depending on the Cancer

10. Chemotherapy has unpleasant side effects
Person can become very sick from Chemotherapy
Scientists are working
on new drugs to:…
STOP CANCER FROM DEVELOPING

11. Topic Three: Cancer Prevention
Almost 2/3 of Cancers are from:
1. Tobacco – causes Lung Cancer
2. Unhealthy diet – diet high in
fats and fried foods, chemicals
in food, pesticides, etc………
Eating lots of fresh fruits,
vegetables, grains and natural foods can help prevent many Cancers

12. Review Questions 1. What is Cancer? Answer:
A disease where cells grow and divide uncontrollably, damaging tissues around them.
2. What is a Mutation?
Damage or change in DNA, such as wrong bases
matching up. Example: A – C T – C
3. What is a Tumor?
It is a mass of abnormal cells, when cell
continue to divide uncontrollably.

13. 4. What is Chemotherapy?
Answer:
The use of drugs to kill Cancer cells
5. What is Metastasis?
When Cancer cells spread to different parts of
the body
6. What is the difference between Bening and
Malignant tumor?
* Benign tumors stay in one spot
* Malignant tumors spread or metastasize to
other parts of the body

14. Describe the relationship between Cancer and
Cell Cycle
Answer:
When the cell cycle is disrupted by Mutations in DNA, it causes cells to divide uncontrollably creating abnormal cells and tumors
7. Describe 3 ways that Cancer can be treated
Surgery Radiation Chemotherapy
8. What healthy habits can help prevent Cancer?
Not smoking
Low fat diet
Diet rich in fresh fruits, vegetables and grains (whole wheat breads, etc…)
Avoid processed foods with chemicals