1. Medieval, Renaissance, or Modern Art?
World History

3. Medieval

5. Medieval

7. Renaissance

9. Modern

11. Renaissance
(Michelangelo’s David)

13. Medieval

15. Renaissance
(Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa)

17. Medieval

19. Renaissance
(School of Athens)
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
Ptolemy
Pythagoras

21. Modern

23. Modern

25. Renaissance
Leonardo da Vinci’s Lady with Ermine

27. Medieval

29. Renaissance
(Michleangelo’s Sistine Chapel)

32. Renaissance

34. Renaissance
(David, by Michelangelo)

35. What was the Renaissance?
The rebirth of classical learning and the arts in Europe beginning in the 1300s; also the transitional period from Medieval times to modern times

36. Where in Europe did the Renaissance have its origins?
Italy: Florence, Venice, & Rome

37. Why did the Renaissance develop in Italian city-states?
Florence: Medici rulers helped foster a spirit of humanism among artists and scholars; personal wealth supported writers, artists, & philosophers
Rome: In the Vatican large palaces & churches were constructed to increase prestige; magnificent paintings and sculptures created for decoration
Venice: economic power from trade led to prosperity; through trade the city became a link between Europe and Asia; new ideas and styles filtered in from Asia

38. Architecture
Classical style (Greek & Roman); comfort and beauty, glass windows, domes, columns, & arches
Cathedral of Florence is best example
Brunalleschi is best known architect

39. Sculpture Greek & Roman like nudes in bronze or marble Freestanding
Donatello, Michelangelo & Ghiberti

40. Painting
Realistic as opposed to flat, depth or perspective(3D), human emotions, lighting
Less religious, more secular
Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci (Mona Lisa, & Last Supper), & Masaccio

41. Why?
Contacts with the Byzantine Empire and Muslims in the Holy Land from the Crusades
Overseas trade led to growth of cities in Italy
Europeans began to question the Catholic Church
Wealthy merchants and officials wanted to display their wealth
Italy had more access to Roman ruins
Italy had more access to ancient manuscripts from Constantinople than the rest of Europe (through foreign scholars)
Italy led the West by the 14th century in banking and trade
Italy was more urbanized than the rest of Europe

42. Renaissance Writers Wrote in the vernacular
Wrote for self expression or to portray individuality
Humanists (human potential and achievement over classic texts and church teachings)
Francesco Petrarch & Boccaccio
Niccolò Machiavelli & Vittoria Colonna (woman)
Vittoria Colonna

43. Niccolò Machiavelli
Historian & political thinker who wrote a political guide book called The Prince
The Prince (1513)
Assumed people were selfish, fickle, and corrupt
Said leader must be as “strong as a lion and as shrewd as a fox” to succeed and defeat enemies
“the end justifies the means” & “it is better to be feared than loved (if you can’t be both) is attributed to him.
Not concerned with what was morally right
Prince must mislead his people and lie to his opponents in the real world

44. Changes in the Arts
Art drew on techniques and styles of classical Greece and Rome
Paintings and sculptures portrayed individuals and nature in more realistic and lifelike ways
Artists created works that were secular as well as those that were religious
Writers began to use vernacular languages to express their ideas
The arts praised individual achievement

45. Changes in Society
Printing changed society by making more information available and inexpensive enough for society at large
A greater availability of books prompted an increased desire for learning and a rise in literacy throughout Europe
Published accounts of new discoveries, maps, and charts led to further discoveries in a variety of fields
Published legal proceedings made the laws clear so that people likely to understand their rights
Christian humanists’ attempts to reform society changed views about how life should be lived
People began to question political structures and religious practices

46. Northern Renaissance Wealth and population increase in northern Europe
Wealthy urban merchants & strong monarchies sponsored the arts (Flanders, England, & France)
Artists were especially interested in realism
Christian Humanists – Desiderius Erasmus & Thomas More (Utopia)
Renaissance ideas spread with help of printing press (1440) invented by Johann Gutenberg – made books cheaper (like the Bible)
Thomas More