1. Relationship Analysis of Mental Workload and Potential of Human Error in Transjakarta Bus Driver
Dian Mardi Safitri, Pudji Astuti, Nora Azmi, Atika Desy Aryani
Laboratory of Work System Design and Ergonomics,
Department of Industrial Engineering, Trisakti University
Jakarta, Indonesia

2. Acknowledgement
This research is a part of a Leading Research University grant that funded by Ministry of Research Technology and Higher Education, Republic of Indonesia 2016, no. of agreement 039/A/LPT/USAKTI/X/2016

3. (Haro & Brian M Kleiner, 2008)
Transportation accident took second place in the ranking cause of death
(Haro & Brian M Kleiner, 2008)
73% transportation accident in Indonesia is caused by
human error
( Indonesian National Transportation Safety Commission, 2016).
Human factor, vehicle, and road condition leads to road accident (Safitri, Malinda, Azmi, & Astuti, 2015).
Cognitive factor such as distraction is also leads to accident.
(Zheng, Qu, Zhang, & Ge, 2016).

4. There have been 33 accidents in year 2014 and 21 accidents in 2015
What ‘s happened in Transjakarta?
There have been 33 accidents in year 2014 and 21 accidents in 2015

5. The Roadmap 2014 2015 2016 Year Focus of research Methods Object
Model of Mental Workload Assessment
Nasa TLX, Sugeno Fuzzy Inferrence System
Transjakarta:
corridor 2 (Pulogadung - Harmoni)
corridor 3 (Kalideres - Pasar Baru)
Working Conditions Assessment
Physiological and Biomechanical Approach
Identification of Transjakarta
Bus Driver's Human
Error
Systematic Human Error Reduction method and Prediction Analysis (SHERPA)
Ergonomics Intervention to Reduce Transjakarta Driver's Human Error
Design of Ergonomics Intervention
2015
Ergonomics Intervention to Reduce Bus
Driver's Physical Workload
Warning Display Design for Bus Cockpit to Minimize The Driver's Error Bahavior
Product Design
Redesign of
Bus Driver’s Cabin
Transjakarta corridor 9
(Pinang Ranti - Pluit)
2016
Model of Investigation System to Reduce Driver's Human Error
Systematic Human Error Reduction method
and Prediction Analysis (SHERPA) , Fault Tree Analysis
Relationship Analysis of Mental Workload and Potential of Human Error in Transjakarta Bus Driver
Statistical Analysis
Transjakarta all corridor operated by PT. Transportasi Jakarta
The Roadmap

6. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between mental workload and the potential human error on Transjakarta bus drivers

7. Methodology
1. Task breakdown using Task analysis for error identification (TAFEI)
4. Predict the significant relationship between mental workload and potential human error using linear regression
2. The potential human error was observed in the activity before, during, and after bus operation.
5. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique was used to test hypotheses that compare more than two means of human errors potential and mental workload
3. Predict the level of mental workload of the drivers using NASA-TLX and fuzzy inference system (FIS)
6. Propose ergonomics improvement to solve the problem

8. Task breakdown using Task analysis for error identification
While Operating
Driving
Maintaining the speed on 50 km/hour
Obeying traffic rule
Maintaining the concentration during driving
Obeying the standard operating procedure
Skillfully driving
Stopping bus at the shelter
Decelerating when heading to shelter
Braking and ensuring that the bus is cm far from the shelter side
Positioning the bus door properly sharp on the shelter door
Passenger loading and unloading
Pressing the pneumatic control to open the door
Ensure that all the passenger has arrived or departed
Pressing the pneumatic control to close the door
Refueling gas
Stopping the bus at the gas station
Refueling the gas
Waiting the refueling process
Taking a break to release fatigue during the gas refueling
Before Operating
Taking the operation authorization letter
Setting the bus on
Checking the bus
Checking the body of the bus
Checking the tires condition
Checking the brake function
Checking the pneumatic door
Reporting to the security officer
Clocking out
Taking the fire extinguishers
After Operating
Driving back to the bus pool
Reporting the operation authorization letter
Reporting the problem occurred during the trip
Returning the operation authorization letter

9. Identification of potential human error before, while and after operating
Human Error Classification
Before Operating
While Operating
After Operating
Rule-Based Mistake
Ignore small damages on the bus
Late for closing or opening the pneumatic door
Ignore to write if there any damage after operating
Ignore the brake condition if its already broke and keep operating the bus
Didn't decrease speed maximum while entering bus stop
Ignore to make a report about the damages after operating
Didn't stop the bus in the traffic lamp or behind the stop line
Didn't make a report about pneumatic door that can be used
Closing the pneumatic door too fast
Human Error Classification
Before Operating
While Operating
After Operating
Memory-Based Lapse
Forget to do routine check to the tires
Forget to ensure speed maximum while driving
Forget to return the procedures letter
Forget to do routine check to the brake
Forget to decrease the speed while entering the bus stop because of lack of concentration
Forget to do routine check to the pneumatic doors
Forget to ensure the space from the bus stop to the bus door
Forget to obey the traffic light or traffic rules
Forget to report if there's damage with the bus
Forget to take fire extinguishers
Forget to ensure and check as the passengers enter or out the bus
Human Error Classification
Before Operating
While Operating
After Operating
Action-Based Slip
Write a wrong account, if there're any damages, on the procedure letter
Press a wrong door button
Write a wrong account if there any damages
Wrong in timing to brake before entering the bus stop
Write a wrong time out account
Wrongly pedal braking while heading to the bus stop

10. Human Error Potential of Transjakarta Driver

11. Mental Workload of Transjakarta Driver

12. Regression analysis result
there’s no significant relationship of mental workload with the potential of human error in the case of Transjakarta Busway driver.

13. One-way ANOVA Test Result
There’s a significant differences between human error and mental workload based on the tenure groups

14. Preventing potential human error through the mental workload can’t be significantly completed.
However, the potential for human error and mental workload experienced by driver was high enough to be the trigger work-related errors that could lead to accidents

15. Participatory ergonomics
Zero-accident Total Participation program

16. future research
Future research needs a deep study and analysis to the psychological behavior of Indonesian people.
Cognitive and psychological behavior of Indonesian driver need to be studied, to analyze whether they behave differently from other people in other country

17. Conclusion
Study on Transjakarta bus driver delivers an initial knowledge that need to deeply analyze about the effect mental workload to the potential human error
The tenure of driver’s effect on the potential human error is an interesting finding
Effect mental workload to the potential human error of driver is needed to be analyzed more in the future research.