1. ITS New Zealand Summit A ‘Whole of System’ Approach to Aviation System Modernisation

2. Modernising the System
ATC RADARS
GPS
NAVAIDS

3. While embracing change
The operational environment beyond 2021 will be significantly different to the one we have today. We expect;
More diverse types of operations wanting to share the same airspace (including various types of UAV)
Growth in traffic numbers (but variation between regions)
The Public’s expectation for safety and efficiency are rising (and there is a lower tolerance for failure to deliver these expectations. The MH370 event highlighted this).
That new services and technology will be needed to manage this increasing complexity - safely
The one thing that hasn’t changed is the drive to deliver safety and operational efficiency at the lowest sustainable cost. The solutions of the past will not be fit for purpose in the future.
Airways is working closely with our partners in the aviation industry to ensure that future industry needs can be met and the goal of creating and sustaining a vibrant and safe environment can be achieved.
The proposed changes to surveillance technology are a key enabler of this future.

4. Origins of NSS New Southern Sky
ICAO Global Air Navigation Plan
National Airspace Policy of New Zealand (2012)
Intelligent Transport Systems Technology Action Plan (2014)
National Airspace & Air Navigation Plan (2014)
New Southern Sky
Prior to June 2015, when NSS was launched, various initiatives including PBN and GBNA rationalisation were underway
Explain history and policy
CAA PBN Plan 2009
Airways PBN Implementation Plan 2009
NZ Policy 2012
National Airspace and Air Navigation Plan 2014
New Southern Sky programme launched June 2014
Background – various initiatives started at different times by different organisations

5. Scope Origins of NSS and National benefits of the programme
Linkage to NZ ITS Plan
‘Whole of System’ approach – programme foundation
Programme implementation
Developing a system-wide CONOPs
System-wide Metrics
Challenges and Lessons

6. What is NSS?
Modernisation of the Aviation System – collaborative, all of sector
Take advantage of New Technologies – Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)
Improve Safety
Improve Efficiency
Deliver Environmental Benefits
Benefits to the Economy

7. Benefits at the National level
Whole of system approach - efficiencies
Use of new technologies - improved infrastructure
Evidence based – leading to robust rules and policy
Social, environmental and economic benefits -
Castalia Report - $2Bn over 20 years
Fewer delays, less fuel burned, lower emissions
Improved safety

8. Linkages to NZ ITS Action Plan

9. Aeronautical information management
NSS Scope
Navigation
Surveillance
Meteorology
NSS
Aerodromes
Communications
Aeronautical information management
Airspace
Design
NAANP based on 8 domains CNS, ATM, Aerodromes, AIM, Airspace and Met.
First task of NSS programme – to address implementation as a system
Air traffic management
ATM

10. Whole of System Approach
Why? What was the logic?
Maximum benefit from system wide roll-out of technologies; influence change for best return
Multiple dependencies across air and ground elements – functioning aviation eco-system
A change in one area may have a significant impact on one or two others – Performance Based Navigation is an example where follow on impacts on Airspace and Ground Based Navigation Aids infrastructure may result
Why? What was the logic?
Size – not NextGen – ability to take a whole of system approach
Even in a small system – it’s all interconnected like an eco-system
A change in one area may have a significant impact on one or two others – PBN is an example where follow on impacts on Airspace and GBNA may result.
Current example will be outlined.
It is of note that although there are various international references stating the need for States to develop System Safety Criteria for the introduction of PBN operations, no example of developed criteria has been found. This work has therefore been carried out from first principles and may be first of kind.

11. Programme Implementation
First step – operationalise National Airspace & Air Navigation Plan
Second – baseline the GNSS system capability to support Communications, Navigation & Surveillance
Then – develop System Safety Criteria to inform a Concept of Operations (CONOPs) and all flow-on projects
First step – operationalise NAANP

12. NSS System Building Blocks
GNSS Sole Means
NSS Safety Criteria
System CONOPs
PROGRAMME FOUNDATION

13. NSS System Building Blocks
Ground Based Nav Aids Strategy
GNSS Sole Means
NSS Safety Criteria
System CONOPs
PROGRAMME FOUNDATION

14. NSS System Building Blocks
Ground Based Nav Aids Strategy
Performance Based Navigation Plan
GNSS Sole Means
NSS Safety Criteria
System CONOPs
FOUNDATION

15. NSS System Building Blocks
Future Surveillance System
Ground Based Nav Aids Strategy
Performance Based Navigation Plan
GNSS Sole Means
NSS Safety Criteria
System CONOPs
PROGRAMME FOUNDATION

16. NSS System Building Blocks
Future Surveillance System
Ground Based Nav Aids Strategy
National Security & Resilience
Performance Based Navigation Plan
GNSS Sole Means
NSS Safety Criteria
System CONOPs
PROGRAMME FOUNDATION

17. Programme Foundation GNSS ’Sole Means’ study Evidence based approach
Research established direct link between GNSS timing and Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B) continuity
Linked forward to Safety Criteria, Ground Based Navigation Aid Minimum Operating Network and need for Contingency Surveillance system

19. Aviation System Safety Criteria
Develop system safety criteria
Key Objectives:
Enable Development of the CONOPS
Safety Baseline for NSS projects
Consider National Security and Resilience requirements
Contingency operations capacity requirements
The objective of the project was to ensure that operations remain at a level of safety acceptable to the Director of Civil Aviation (DCA) with system changes under the NSS programme.
Key assumption that the current aviation system is ‘safe’, and that close alignment with ICAO standards and recommended practices (SARPS) is the basis for the future New Zealand aviation system.
The safety criteria have been structured in three levels; (1) the top level setting out overall requirements; (2) the system level applying across all systems (e.g. competency of personnel etc.) or across a number of sub-systems; and (3) the sub-system level applying to each sub-system. The sub-system level is set out as: airspace, air traffic management (ATM), surveillance, performance-based navigation (PBN), navigation based on ground infrastructure, and communications.

20. Structured Threat-Mitigation-Event-Response Methodology

21. Developing a System Wide CONOPs
Develop a stakeholder produced CONOPs for 2023 system end state
Objectives:
Articulate system end state target
Incorporate System Safety Criteria
Incorporate agreed System Assumptions
Provide stakeholder planning assumptions to allow business planning alignment and coordinated decision making
Develop a stakeholder produced CONOPs for 2023 system end state
Objectives:
Articulate system end state target
Incorporate System Safety Criteria
Incorporate agreed assumptions
Provide stakeholder planning assumptions to allow business planning alignment and coordinated decision making
How could we explain the CONOPs as a ‘system’

22. Developing a System Wide CONOPs
How could we explain the CONOPs as a ‘system’?
Previous attempts by other countries seem to have focused on elements of the aviation system such as the ATM system or airspace or navigation.
We took a segmented approach looking at seven different capabilities
This was the foundation of the system approach in place

23. Comms
VHF
Surveillance
ADS-B
Comms
VHF
Surveillance
ADS-B
Navigation
AMAN
CDO
RNAV1 STAR
RNP1 STAR
Approach & Landing
RNP App
RNP0.3
ILS
Comms
VHF
Surveillance
ADS-B
Navigation
RNAV
RNP1/2
Digital Information
MET Data
Comms
VHF
Surveillance
ADS-B
Navigation
DMAN
CCO
RNP-AR SID
RNAV1 SID
RNP1 SID
Comms
DCPC
ACARS
Surveillance
ADS-B
Digital Information
ADMS
ACDM
Comms
DCPC
ACARS
Surveillance
ADS-B
Digital Information
ADMS
ACDM
Flight Planning/Gate/Taxi/Toff Domestic Cruise Descent/Final Approach/Landing/Taxi/Gate

24. Trajectory Managed Operations
CONOPS 2023
Trajectory Managed Operations
RPAS Pilots
RPAS Pilots
VOICE
Underlying
Communications Data
Network
ATS
AOCC
User Flight
Operations
Control

25. Developing System Wide Metrics
Measure
Fuel Burn $
Aircraft Direct Operating Costs
Passenger Value of Time
CO2 Emissions Kg
Performance Metrics
KPIs
Validation of Benefits
Safety Metrics
The challenge of a mature system, low occurrence rates
The candidate methodology – pre-cursor events, strength of ‘defences’, residual risk

26. Challenges and Lessons
Stakeholder expectations and patience
Maintaining ‘system’ approach
Lessons
Whole of system approach valid for NZ aviation system
Strong ‘building block’ approach based on system safety criteria is logical and valid
Establishment of cross capability linkages and impacts is continuous

27. Questions? http://www.nss.govt.nz