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Going Online Chapter 7 2012 Jaana Holvikivi
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What Is the Internet? The Net is a worldwide collection of interconnected networks.
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No person or organization governs the Internet!
Internet History ARPANET Internet InterNIC W3C Internet No person or organization governs the Internet!
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Submarine cables
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May 1, 2012
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How do you get on? Via dial-up/ ADSL connection to
Information Service Gateway Telecommunications company Internet Service Provider (ISP) Via direct network connection using a shared high-speed line on LAN or WLAN
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Internet Terminology Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Packets: transmission is split and packets could take different routes IP addresses every machine has an address dynamic IP addresses; sub-networks Extension of address space IPv6 official on 1 June 2012
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Retrieve/View Internet Information
Client/server programs Browsers Internet Explorer Firefox, Safari, Chrome The Internet address (URL) Identifies location of server site Files are downloaded for viewing
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Uniform Resource Locator
Access Method Or Protocol Domain Name Directory Filename
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URL: Access Methods http:// Hypertext Transport Protocol
secure Hypertext Transport Protocol ftp:// File Transfer Protocol news:// Newsgroups gopher:// Gopher menu tree
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URL: Top-Level Domains (TLDs)
ID Affiliation .com .edu .firm .gov .int .mil .net .org .info Commercial Education US Businesses Government US International Military US Network Resources Nonprofit Organizations
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URL: Top-Level Domains (TLDs)
ID Countries .fi .ca .uk .ru .tv .de .cn .za Finland Canada UK Russia Tuvalu Germany China South Africa
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HTML: Basic structure <html> <head>
<head> <title>A sample HTML document</title> </head> <body> <p> This is a sample HTML document </p> </body> </html>
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<html> <head> <title>A sample HTML document</title> </head> <body> <h1>HTML document</h1> <p> This is a sample HTML document </p> <hr/> <p>Created by JHH in </p> </body> </html>
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Important HTML - elements
link: <a href=" engine</a> Start, close element space attribute="value" image: <img src="pete.jpg"/> empty element Space stripped (breaks, tabs, enter)
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Tables <table> <tr> <td> cell1 </td>
<td> <img src="photo.gif"/> </td> <td> 1 </td> </table> Symmetrical structure!!
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Forms <form action="someAction.cgi"> <p>
<input name="text" value=" " size="10"/>Your name</p> <select id="color" class="reqd"> <option value="" selected="selected">Choose a color</option> <option value="Red">Red</option> <option value="Green">Green</option> <option value="Blue">Blue</option> </select> <input type="radio" id="twoDoor" name="DoorCt" value="twoDoor" class="radio" />Two <input type="radio" id="fourDoor" name="DoorCt" value="fourDoor" class="radio" />Four <p><input type="submit" value="Submit" /> <input type="reset" /></p> </form>
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HTML document contents
Every HTML document should contain certain basic information about its origin: The author of the document, and the person who is formally in charge of the document. The date of creation of the document, or the date of last update, or both. The context of the document and its status, part of official documentation by a company about one of its products, or part of a private person's information.
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Page requests on the Web
User workstation Server HTTP request HTML pages Browser: HTML, scripts HTTP: HTML pages Internet Program Server CGI PHP ASP Java Database server Oracle SQL
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HTTP requests GET /index.html HTTP/1.1 Host: www.evtek.fi
Accept: www/source Accept: text/html Accept: image/gif User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv: ) Gecko/ Firefox/ a blank line * The client lists the Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) types it will accept in return. Finally, the client sends a blank line indicating it has completed its request.
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HTTP server response HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 09 Apr :39:22 GMT Server: Apache/ (Unix) (Red-Hat/Linux) Set-Cookie: fe_typo_user=4f74f6c85b; path=/; domain= Last-Modified: Wed, 08 Jan :11:55 GMT Etag: "3f80f-1b6-3e1cb03b" Accept-Ranges: bytes Content-Length: 438 Connection: close Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
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GET and POST methods The difference between these two methods is in the way of sending data to the page: GET method sends data using URL (size limit), <form method="GET" action="prog2.html"> POST method sends data through a standard entrance <form method="post" action="
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Home directory of user x
Creating and sending home pages Server disk Linux or Unix OS Local disk Windows OS D:\documents Home directory of user x public_html index.html index.html picture1.jpg logo2.gif picture1.jpg logo2.gif FTP, SHH page2.html page2.html Mail and other data Workstation Local use: editing Remote use through internet: visiting Web pages
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E-mail Username@domain or e-mail server The e-mail message
or server The message response options Post Office Protocol To CC: and/or BCC:) Subject Message Attached file(s) Reply Reply to all Forward Telecommuting
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