1. Communication Skills
by Akhtar Abbas

2. What is communication?
Defining communication: Communication is a systematic exchange of information, ideas, feelings and emotions between sender(s) and receiver(s) through verbal and/or non-verbal actions

3. What is communication? Communication among Animals
Gestures, Calls, Perceptive Skills
Communication among Humans
Verbal: written and oral
Non-verbal: Body Language

4. Communication Skills
Acquired and/or learnt knowledge of performing communication effectively
Listening, Speaking, Reading, Writing

5. Process of Communication
Source
Message/Code
Encoding
Channel
Context
Receiver
Decoding
Feedback

6. Barriers to Communication

7. Barriers to Communication
Non-Linguistic Barriers
Affective Filter
Stereotypes
Cultural Differences
Physical Environment
Linguistic Barriers
Accent/Pronunciation
Difficult Jargon/Vocabulary

8. Developing Communication Skills
Being Listener
Develop positive attitudes
Show solidarity
Negotiate
Being Speaker
confidence building
Capacity building
Being learner

9. Oral Presentation What is the purpose of presentation?
Explaining a procedure
Trying to convince or persuade
Giving information
Prepare Planning and preparation Checklist
Consider the context
Consider the audience
Consider your appearance
Consider the goals/aims/objectives
Mechanics: duration, templates (if PPT), handouts, tasks, documents, place of presentation etc

10. Structure and content of an Effective Presentation
Beginning (Introduction) Middle (Body) and End (Conclusion)
Content:
Beginning (Introduction)
Get the audience attention: well, ok, shall we start etc
Greet audience: Hello, Good Morning, esteemed guests etc
Introduce yourself (name, position, and organization): good morning every one, let me introduce myself first…..em…I am…..from….and….
Give title and introduce the subject: the subject of my presentation is……….etc
Give your objectives/goals/aims:
Announce your outline: I have divided my presentation into 5 parts as can be seen in the slide……etc

11. Structure and content of an Effective Presentation
2. Middle (Body of Presentation)
Transitioning from introduction to the body: fine…let us move on to the second part….etc
Follow Grice Maxims: Quality, Quantity, Relevance and Manner
c. Keep Audience’ Attention and Interest (see page 20)

12. Structure and content of an Effective Presentation
Dealing Visuals (tables and graphs, illustrations)
Indicative statement: as it can be seen in figure…. The data provided in the table shows……
Summary statement: The table shows the relation ship between language and gender.
Discussion
Recommendations/Implications/Suggestions/ if required

13. Structure and content of an Effective Presentation
3. Ending (Conclusion)