1. *Turn in Catalyst Sheet & Unit 5 Packet*
Friday
May 12, 2017
I can:
use modern classification systems to infer evolutionary relationships
Agenda
(10) Catalyst
(10) Classification Inquiry
(15) GN: Classification
(35) Cladogram Lab
(10) IP: Classification
(5) Exit Ticket
Catalyst
Give an example of a virus.
Can antibiotics be used to treat viral infections?
You get a disease and your body recognizes the virus the next time you are infected. What kind of immunity is this?
You are immune from a disease b/c you were breastfed. What kind of immunity do you have?
*Turn in Catalyst Sheet & Unit 5 Packet*
HW: None

2. Categorizing Organisms
Part 1: Discuss with your group how you could group the organisms on your desk into 3 groups.
Group 1
Organisms
Characteristics
Group 2
Group 3

3. Categorizing Organisms
Part 2: Now discuss with your group how you would organize these organisms according to when in time they evolved.

4. Because of evolution there is great diversity of life!

13. Scientists need to organize over 2 million organisms!

14. Scientists need to organize over 2 million organisms!

15. Classification
Classification: grouping organisms based on common ancestors and characteristics.

16. History of Classification

17. 1. Aristotle classified organisms as either plants (plantae) or animals (animalia)
But is everything a plant or an animal?

18. 2. Carolus Linneaus developed the hierarchical system, which classifies in levels based on physical similarities

19. most general
King
Phillip
came
over
for
good
most specific
spaghetti

20. Write on your board:
Which is the level more specific than genus?

21. Write on your board:
Which is the next level that is more general than family?

22. Write on your board:
Which levels are more specific than order?

23. Write on your board:
Which is the most general level?

24. Write on your board:
Which levels are more specific than family?

25. Genus: Species: Homo sapiens Genus species Most specific level
Carolus Linneas also developed the system of binomial nomenclature = naming organisms with two names.
The scientific name of an organism always consists of its genus name and its species name.
Genus:
Second most specific level
Most specific level
Species:
Homo sapiens
Genus species

26. What genus does this organism belong to? What species?
Canis familiaris
dog

27. What genus does this organism belong to? What species?
Felis domesticus
cat

28. Problems with Classification
What kinds of problems could scientists run into if they were just grouping organisms by similar physical characteristics?

29. Problems with Classification
What kinds of problems could scientists run into if they were just grouping organisms by similar physical characteristics?
Turn and Talk

30. Modern Classification
Biologists now group organisms according to their evolutionary relationships

31. Scientists use the following criteria to classify organisms:
Structural similarities: similar fossils or anatomy
Biochemical analysis: DNA, proteins and amino acids (still the best)
Embryology: similar embryos

32. What type of evidence?
comparing unborn fetuses of whales and sharks

33. What type of evidence?
comparing DNA of whales and sharks

34. What type of evidence?
comparing the fins of whales and sharks

35. Phylogenetic trees (aka cladogram)

36. Phylogenic trees show when in time traits developed
You can use them to:
1. Find which organisms are most primitive.
2. Find which organisms are most closely related

37. Phylogenic trees show when in time traits developed
You can use them to:
1. Find which organisms are most primitive.
2. Find which organisms are most closely related

38. Primitive:
Primitive = old, simple
The most primitive species are at the bottom (left)
The most recent species are at the top (right)

39. Most primitive
Most recent

40. Common Ancestry
Each branch point represents the common ancestor of two species.

42. Organisms have the traits that come before them
ex. everything after the Perch has lungs
ex. What characteristic does the salamander have that the perch lacks?
Species are closely related if they branch off close together

43. Think:
In the cladogram, what species is most primitive?
In the cladogram, what species is least primitive?
What traits does the lizard have?
What traits does the salamander have?
What is the chimp most closely related to?
Is the lizard more closely related to the salamander or the perch?

44. How to Make a Cladagram Found on Earth? Alive? Mammal? Walks? Human
Lizard
Rock
Whale

45. Candy Cladogram Stay with your table ONLY
Check your answers with me BEFORE you eat any candy
Save bags – do not throw out!
Paper due at end of class
Work on Phylogenetic Trees Classwork & Exit Ticket when complete