1. 5 Lines of Evidence for Evolution …
Paleontology/Fossils
Biogeography
Anatomy
Embryological Comparisons
Biochemistry/Molecular Record (DNA)

2. Fossils Remains of ancient organisms
Show how species change  look for transitional species

3. Biogeography
the study of how species are distributed globally and how they got that way -can show relatedness-

4. Homologous structures
Anatomy
Homologous structures
similarities (like bone pattern) due to a common ancestor

5. Vestigial structures “leftover” that is not used
but was useful to ancient ancestor
Example:
some whales show small pelvis & leg bones from walking ancestors

6. Embryological Comparisons
comparing stages of development to determine relatedness

7. Biochemistry/Molecular Evidence
Comparison of DNA sequences
-similar sequences show relatedness- 25 50 75
100
125
Millions of years ago
Horse/
donkey
Sheep/
goat
Goat/cow
Llama/
cow
Pig/
Rabbit/
rodent
Horse/cow
Human/rodent
Dog/
Human/
Human/kangaroo
Nucleotide substitutions

8. Molecular Clocks Scientists use fossils and DNA to make hypotheses about when species appeared