1. Electrical Engineering Materials
Dr. Md. Sherajul Islam
Associate Professor
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Khulna University of Engineering & Technology
Khulna, Bangladesh

2. LECTURE - 6
Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials

5. Nanotechnology
The art and science of manipulating and rearranging individual atoms and molecules to create useful materials, devices, and systems
The design, characterization, and application of structures, devices, and
systems by controlled manipulation of size and shape of materials at
the nanometer scale (atomic, molecular, and macromolecular scale)

6. Nanoscale?
A sheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick, a human hair is around 80, ,000 nanometers wide

7. What is nanomaterial?
Is defined as any material that has unique or novel properties, due to the nanoscale ( nano metre- scale) structuring.
These are formed by incorporation or structuring of nanoparticles.
They are subdivided into nanocrystals, nanopowders, and nanotubes: A sequence of nanoscale of C60 atoms arranged in a long thin cylindrical structure.

8. What is nanomaterial?
carbon nanotubes

9. Noble metal nanocrystals with cyclic penta-twinned structures
What is nanomaterial?
Noble metal nanocrystals with cyclic penta-twinned structures

10. What is nanomaterial?
Naonpowder

11. Types of nanomaterials
Nanomaterials can…
occur naturally
be produced by human activity either as a product of another activity
on purpose (engineered)
Our focus: engineered nanomaterials as these are designed and integrated into products because of the specific characteristics of the nanomaterial
Date, location

12. Classes of nanomaterials
Date, location

13. NanoZnO – One Chemistry, Many Shapes
Courtesy of Prof. Z.L. Wang, Georgia Tech

14. Why are nanomaterials used?
At nano-scale,
the material properties change - melting point, fluorescence, electrical conductivity, and chemical reactivity
Surface size is larger so a greater amount of the material comes into contact with surrounding materials and increases reactivity
Nanomaterial properties can be ‘tuned’ by varying the size of the particle (e.g. changing the fluorescence colour so a particle can be identified)
Their complexity offers a variety of functions to products

15. Examples of nanomaterials in products
Amorphous silica fume (nano-silica) in Ultra High Performance Concrete – this silica is normally thought to have the same human risk factors as non‐nano non‐toxic silica dust
Nano platinum or palladium in vehicle catalytic converters - higher surface area to volume of particle gives increased reactivity and therefore increased efficiency
Crystalline silica fume is used as an additive in paints or coatings, giving e.g. self-cleaning characteristics – it has a needle-like structure and sharp edges so is very toxic and is known to cause silicosis upon occupational exposure

16. Nanotechnology spans many Areas
Information
Technology
Information
Technology
Information
Technology
Information
Technology
Information
Technology
Information
Technology
Information
Technology
Information
Technology
Information
Technology
Information
Technology
Information
Technology
Information
Technology
Mechanical Eng. &
Robotics
Mechanical Eng. &
Robotics
Mechanical Eng. &
Robotics
Mechanical Eng. &
Robotics
Mechanical Eng. &
Robotics
Mechanical Engineering /
Robotics
Mechanical Eng. &
Robotics
Mechanical Eng. &
Robotics
Mechanical Eng. &
Robotics
Mechanical Eng. &
Robotics
Biotechnology
Biotechnology
Biotechnology
Biotechnology
Biotechnology
Biotechnology
Biotechnology
Biotechnology
Transportation
Transportation
Transportation
Transportation
Advance
Materials & Textiles
Advance
Materials & Textiles
Advance
Materials & Textiles
Advance
Materials & Textiles
Advance
Materials & Textiles
NANOTECHNOLOGY
NANOTECHNOLOGY
NANOTECHNOLOGY
NANOTECHNOLOGY
NANOTECHNOLOGY
NANOTECHNOLOGY
NANOTECHNOLOGY
NANOTECHNOLOGY
NANOTECHNOLOGY
NANOTECHNOLOGY
NANOTECHNOLOGY
NANOTECHNOLOGY
NANOTECHNOLOGY
NANOTECHNOLOGY
National
Security &
Defense
National
Security &
Defense
National
Security &
Defense
National
Security &
Defense
National
Security &
Defense
National
Security &
Defense
Energy &
Environment
Energy &
Environment
Energy &
Environment
Energy &
Environment
Energy &
Environment
Energy &
Environment
Energy &
Environment
Energy &
Environment
Energy &
Environment
Food and
Agriculture
Food and
Agriculture
Food and
Agriculture
Food and
Agriculture
Food and
Agriculture
Food and
Agriculture
Food and
Agriculture
Food and
Agriculture
Food and
Agriculture
Food and
Agriculture
Food and
Agriculture
Food and
Agriculture
Food and
Agriculture
Food and
Agriculture
Food and
Agriculture
Medicine /
Health
Medicine /
Health
Medicine /
Health
Medicine /
Health
Medicine /
Health
Medicine /
Health
Medicine /
Health
Medicine /
Health
Medicine /
Health
Medicine /
Health
Medicine /
Health
Medicine /
Health
Medicine /
Health
Medicine /
Health
Medicine /
Health
Aerospace
Aerospace
Aerospace
Aerospace
Aerospace
Aerospace
Aerospace
Aerospace
Aerospace
Aerospace
Aerospace
Aerospace
Aerospace
Aerospace
Aerospace

17. 2- Applications of Nanotechnology: 2.1 General Applications
Examples
Application
Diagnostics, Drug delivery, Tissue engineering, Cryonics
Medicine
Memory storage, Novel semiconductor devices, Novel optoelectronic devices, Displays, Quantum computers
Information and communication
Aerospace, Catalysis, Catalysis, Construction Vehicle manufacturers
Heavy Industry
Foods, Household, Optics, Textiles, Cosmetics, Sports
Consumer goods
Environment

18. energy of vibrating electron = (any integer) x hf
2.2- Environmental Applications Check for more details
Examples
Application
Photocatalyst consisting of silica Nanosprings coated with a combination of titanium dioxide
Carbon capture
Pollutants sensors that able to detect lower limits with low cost
Sensors
Heavy metal decontaminant removes heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, nickel, zinc, copper, manganese and cobalt in a neutral pH environment without using any form of sulphur.
Remediation (decontamination, oil spill management)
Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies' ceramic membrane modules, utilizing the CeraMem technology platform, can be supplied with a variety of inorganic microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes.
Wastewater treatment
Heat distribution e.g. ceramic-like 
materials  that provide sufficient reliability and durability of the entire structure
Energy
Drinking water purification
So how does this explain the spectrum of blackbody radiation? Planck said that an electron vibrating with a frequency f could only have an energy of 1 hf, 2 hf, 3 hf, 4 hf, ... ; that is,
energy of vibrating electron = (any integer) x hf
But the electron has to have at least one quantum of energy if it is going to vibrate. If it doesn't have at least an energy of 1hf, it will not vibrate at all and can't produce any light. "A ha!" said Planck: at high frequencies the amount of energy in a quantum, hf, is so large that the high-frequency vibrations can never get going! This is why the blackbody spectrum always becomes small at the left-hand (high