1. STATES OF
MATTER

2. The Four States of Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

3. STATES OF MATTER Based upon particle arrangement
Based upon energy of particles
Based upon distance between particles

4. Kinetic Theory of Matter
1) All matter is made up of atoms and molecules that act as tiny particles.

5. Kinetic Theory of Matter
2) These tiny particles are always in motion.
State of matter depends
on its molecular motion as
measured by temperature
↑ temperature = ↑ motion of particles
↓ temperature = ↓ motion of particles

6. Kinetic Theory of Matter
3) At the same temperature, the heavier particles move slower than the lighter particles.

7. Temperature
A measure of the average kinetic energy (K.E.) in a sample.

8. Condense
Freeze
Melt
Evaporate
Solid
Liquid
Gas

9. Description of Phase Change
PHASE CHANGES
Description of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Solid to liquid
Melting
Heat goes into the solid as it melts.
Liquid to solid
Freezing
Heat leaves the liquid as it freezes.

10. Description of Phase Change
PHASE CHANGES
Description of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Liquid to gas
Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation
Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes.
Gas to liquid
Condensation
Heat leaves the gas as it condenses.
Solid to gas
Sublimation
Heat goes into the solid as it sublimates.

11. Will everything just be a gas?
But what happens if you raise the temperature to super-high levels… between 1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ?
Will everything just be a gas?

12. STATES OF MATTER PLASMA
A plasma is an ionized gas.
A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.
Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
Plasma is the
common state
of matter

13. Some places where plasmas are found…
1. Flames

14. 2. Lightning

15. 3. Aurora (Northern Lights)

16. The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state

18. Substances have specific melting and boiling points.
Phase diagrams show melting point (freezing point) – B, and boiling point - D

19. Plateaus (B-C and D-E) represent:
No increase in temperature
Two phases present

20. Boiling/Condensation Point (Vaporization)
During the phase change (flat/horizontal region/ plateau on a phase diagram) the temp. remains constant.
After all the sample has changed phase, the temerature will change.
During the phase change, potential energy (P.E.) is changing, but K.E. is constant.

21. Copper Phases - Solid

22. Copper Phases - Liquid

23. Copper Phases – Vapor (gas)

24. Make a phase diagram of copper
Temperature (º C)
2594
1083
Time (Minutes)