1. Geologist & Earth’s Interior
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Geologist & Earth’s Interior

2. 1. Geology: study of Earth and processes that shape Earth.
A. Geologist = scientist that study Earth

3. a. building up mountains and landmasses i. earthquakes ii. volcanoes
I. Constructive forces
a. building up mountains and landmasses
i. earthquakes
ii. volcanoes

4. a. slowly wear away i. erosion
II. Destructive forces
a. slowly wear away i. erosion

5. 2. Basic Structure of Earth
A. crust The outermost layer
Thinnest - oceanic crust Thickest - continental crust
Lower Crust is also called the lithosphere

7. Draw and label

8. III. Oceanic crust is basalt and is more dense than continental crust of granite

9. B. mantle is the largest layer
Top portion is called the asthenosphere
Density increases with depth due to increasing pressure
Hot softened rock mostly iron and magnesium

11. C. outer core is beneath the mantle
It is a slow flowing liquid of iron and nickel
Density, temperature and pressure increase
Spinning of liquid creates magnetic field

12. D. inner core Earth’s center is solid, made mostly of iron and nickel
Heaviest material and most dense layer
Hottest layer

14. 3. A review wave movement Density of material = speed change
More dense faster, less dense slower
Density change = direction change
Greater the difference in density the greater the direction changes

15. 4. Mapping Earth’s Internal Structure (How we know)
I. seismic waves change as they travel through materials with different densities
II. densities increase with depth as pressures increase so waves travel differently

16. III. Use seismic waves used to map Earth’s internal structure

17. 5. Layer Boundaries
A. Seismic waves travel faster through a more dense solid region, Slower in the less dense liquid region

18. Solid = faster
Liquid = slower
More dense=faster
Less dense=slower

19. C. Seismic waves speed up when they pass from the crust into the mantle
I. Mantle is more dense

20. D. Outer core is liquid because secondary seismic waves do not go through liquid
E. Primary waves slow down at liquid outer core, speed up at solid inner core

22. Draw this in SNB

23. click here to watch video of Earth's layers