1. Maria’s Restaurant Chapter 1 Section 4

2. Energy Recovery Ventilator (ERV)

3. ERV Inside View
Air In = Air Out

4. Air Out Passes Through Media
ERV Air Out
Air Out Passes Through Media

5. Air In Passes Through Media
ERV Air In
Air In Passes Through Media

6. Air In & Air Out Exchange Temperature
ERV Efficiency
Air In & Air Out Exchange Temperature

7. Energy Recovery Ventilator (ERV)
Efficiency Of Temperature Exchange Varies Based On Unit Design

8. Generally Air In Does Not = Air Out
Economizer
Generally Air In Does Not = Air Out

9. Economizer

10. Economizer Relief & Outside Air
Relief Air Generally ˂ Outside Air

11. Economizer Supply & Return Air
Return Air Generally ˂ Supply Air

12. Economizer Damper Operation
Dampers Must Work In Unison

13. Return Air Damper Movement
The Return Air Dampers Closes When the Outside & Relief Air Dampers Open

14. Relief Air Damper movement
When Relief Closes Outside Air Closes
Return Air Damper Opens

15. Minimum Outside Air Position Economizer
Outside air will generally never close all of the way down, so the Code Required Minimum Outside air will be brought in.

16. Economizer Question (worksheet 4)
 Looking at the picture of the economizer, what would happen if everything was operating properly except the Return air damper became stuck ½ open?

17. Economizer Question (worksheet 4)
When the economizer outside air and relief air dampers fully opened the unit would not be bringing in all outside air because the return air damper would not close and some return air would bypass and mix with the air coming through the outside air damper. (Continued next page)

18. Economizer Question (worksheet 4)
When the economizer outside air and relief air dampers moved to the minimum position, the return air damper would not fully open and would restrict the airflow. This would possibly decrease the total fan CFM and increase the amount of outside air coming in and the amount of air going out through the relief damper.

19. Economizer Question 2 (worksheet 4)
Looking at the picture of the economizer, what would happen if everything was operating properly except the Relief air damper became stuck wide open?

20. Economizer Question 2 Airflow (worksheet 4)
When the economizer outside air damper closes down to the minimum position, and return air damper fully opens up, a large amount of outside air will generally come back into the return through the open relief damper because it is generally closer to the suction side of the fan and has less resistance to airflow than the return duct does. (continued for Cooling & Heating Symptoms)

21. Economizer Question 2 Cooling Mode (worksheet 4)
In the cooling mode, this results also in pressurizing the building without removing the heat, and may lead to warm discharge air temperatures and high indoor humidity levels.

22. Economizer Question 2 Heating Mode (worksheet 4)
In the heating mode it results in over pressurizing the building and possibly overwhelming the heat exchanger’s design capabilities resulting in cool air being distributed.

23. ERV Question 1 (worksheet 4)
An ERV is designed to bring in 250 CFM. Its intake was measured with a fan powered flow hood and found to be only bringing in 150 CFM. What is the most likely cause for the low airflow?

24. ERV Question 1 (worksheet 4)
If it is a new installation, the duct could have openings (leaks), or it could be undersized. However, one should always check the filter. All filters are generally ignored by building operators.

25. ERV Question 2 (worksheet 4)
An energy recovery ventilator (ERV) designed to remove 400 CFM is listed as 60% efficient at transferring heat. How many CFM would need to be heated or cooled to room temperature?

26. ERV Question 2 (worksheet 4)
400 CFM would need to be heated or cooled to room temperature since all of the air would only transfer 60% of the exhausted heat.

27. ERV Question 3 (worksheet 4)
An energy recovery ventilator (ERV) designed to remove 400 CFM is listed as 60% efficient at transferring heat. How many CFM would need to be heated or cooled to room temperature? For the ERV above, convert the CFM to fully cooled/heated and totally unheated/uncooled proportions for calculating the load easily.

28. ERV Question 3 (worksheet 4)
The equivalent amount of air fully heated or cooled = 400 CFM × 0.60 = 240 CFM The equivalent amount of air needing to be fully heated or cooled = 400 CFM – 240 CFM = 160 CFM

29. Field Notes
Studies have been done that state the over 80% of the economizers in existing rooftop package HVAC systems are not working correctly. Damper adjustment and operation to design specifications is the weakest link in most economizer installations. Thus, verification that all of the dampers are operating together is important. Often there is the appearance that there is no relief damper and thus, no relief. In many cases the relief is a damper that is opened by building pressure located somewhere in the building. In those cases, a technician needs to make sure the building will not over pressurize in the economizer mode by placing it in the economizer mode and locating the relief damper to make sure it is set to open at a reasonable pressure. Often they are never set and they may not be located in a place where they can relieve the pressure caused by bringing in 100% outside air. For example, the relief damper may be enclosed by a fire wall in one office.