1. Transport Revolution

2. Raw Materials
Raw materials are basic ingredients used to make something
raw materials – coal and steel – had to be brought to factories
all the food and clothes being produced in factories…
…had to be sent to be sold around the country
How were all of these things to be transported?
Horse and carts wouldn’t be able for the mass production
New improved systems of transport needed
This would be the transport rev

3. Water the easiest way to transport heavy goods
most towns had been built by a river or sea for this reason
lucan, Dublin, Belfast, cork, London
but new towns of the ind rev weren’t
they needed to be near coal mines
Manchester and Newcastle
Needed a way to transport heavy goods

4. Canals A canal is a man-made river Canals were cut to link...
...factories to rivers and cities
The Duke of Bridgewater ordered the first canal to be built
He had a huge coal mine
Wanted to send his coal to factories
Hired engineer James Bradley to build it – 1761
1st canal in world! – worked perfectly

5. Viaducts A bridge carrying the canal over a valley Canals v successful
Soon built in Ireland

6. Roads before revolution
Roads were just dirt-tracks
Full of potholes
In winter, muddy and impassable
People travelled on horseback or in horse-drawn coaches
Got bogged down
Unreliable

7. Improvements As traffic increased, better roads were made
John McAdam used stone chippings
Helped water to drain through
Roads less muddy eventually tar added to chippings
Tarmacadam

8. More improvements in roads
Thomas Telford
Roads built with strong foundation
He Put drainage ditches at sides
Roads gently sloped to the sides
Water drained off the roads

9. Tolls But the govt wasn’t bothered about improving roads…
…so private companies set up
Built new roads
Wanted to make a profit on them
Charged a toll for people to use them
These private roads were called turnpikes
The best roads to use – v popular

10. Stage-coach People travelled by stage-coach 4 horses drew a carriage
Sat on top or in carriage
Connected diff cities
They were the first buses!
Stopped at towns – on and off

11. Bianconi Car This coach linked ...small towns to eachother
Basically a local version
...of stage-coach
4 horses pulled a
‘long car’ (just an open coach)
Passengers on side, luggage in middle
V popular until cars arrived in 20th c

12. The Coming of Trains But water and roads were still too slow
Took 12 hours in 1850
Remem, the steam engine developed by Watt?
Richard Trevithick built a ‘steam carriage’
It ran on rails – why?
So it wouldn’t destroy the road
Remem, it carried heavy goods – ie coal

13. George Stephenson Built the first reliable locomotive
This was the first steam train
1829 – first goods train –
what are ‘goods’?
Ran from Stockton to Darlington

14. George Stephenson - 2 Called the train the ‘rocket’ Went 46km per hour
st passenger trains
Went from Manchester...
...to Liverpool
Became v popular

15. Results of Transport Rev
A) journeys become quicker and cheaper
People travelled more around their country
Some even emigrated
A govt law forced railways to provide cheap carriages
These 3rd class carriages allowed even the poor to travel

16. Results - 2 B) cost of carrying goods and raw materials fell
So food and clothes became cheaper
Also, diff foods were introduced
Tea from india had only been affordable for rich
Now it became the most popular drink in England

17. Results - 3 C) time was standardised
This means that people started to use clocks
Had to know when the train would arrive
Why do you think Greenwich standard time is set from London?

18. Results - 4 Newspapers could arrive the next day
News could travel quickly from place to place
Newspapers could arrive the next day
The telegraph was invented in 1830s by Samuel Morse
Tapped a morse code which sent them message…
To a diff post office
Connected by telegraph cables