2. Chapter 11 Medications and Drugs
Lesson 11.1 Medications Lesson 11.2 Drugs Lesson 11.3 Drug Abuse and Addiction

3. Lesson 11.1
Medications

4. Warm-Up
Drug Use
Give two examples of health problems that would cause people to use prescription drugs.
What are some side effects that drug users might experience?
Can prescription medications be abused like
other drugs, such as cocaine or heroin?

5. Uses for Medications
A medication is a substance used to treat disease or relieve pain
Reasons people use medications
To treat symptoms of an illness
To cure a disease
To manage a disease
To prevent a disease
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6. Food and Drug Administration
After a company tests a new medication, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) must then approve it
The FDA also decides whether a medication should be sold with or without a doctor’s prescription
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7. Over-the-Counter Medications
Sold to people without a doctor’s prescription
Purchased at local stores and pharmacies
Used to treat the symptoms of many relatively minor health conditions
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8. Critical Thinking OTC Medications
What are some commonly used OTC medications with which you are familiar?
Do you use these medications? If yes, for what reasons?
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9. Prescription Medications
Can only be sold to a person with a prescription from a doctor or other licensed healthcare professional
Different types of prescription medications have different functions
Antibiotics
Anesthetics
Vaccinations
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10. What are some different methods used to deliver medicine into the body?
Pill, tablet, capsule, or liquid forms can be swallowed
Drops, cream, or gel forms can be applied to a particular part of the body
Transdermal patches can be placed on the skin
Medications can be inhaled into your nose or mouth
Medications can be injected directly into the body

11. Health Risks of Taking Medications
All medications can have side effects
Some medications cause health risks by interacting with other medications, foods, or drinks
People can experience an adverse or allergic reaction to medication
OTC medications may relieve symptoms but not treat the underlying cause of the symptoms
Adverse effects may result from medication misuse

12. Medication Abuse
The intentional use of medications for purposes other than those intended by the prescribing doctor
Commonly abused prescription medications
Opioids
Depressants
Stimulants
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13. Carefully reading and following OTC and prescription medication instructions can help you avoid misuse and abuse of medications and reduce health risks. What are some other strategies for using medications safely?
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14. Lesson 11.2
Drugs

15. Drugs
The word drugs refers to substances that cause a physical or psychological change in the body
Most drugs are illegal and can be very dangerous
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16. Marijuana
Marijuana is a drug made up of dried parts of the Cannabis plant
Marijuana is usually smoked as a cigarette or in a pipe
A number of states allow adults with a doctor’s prescription to legally buy and use marijuana
Courtesy of the Drug Enforcement Administration

17. What are some side effects of marijuana use?
Distorted perceptions
Poor coordination
Difficulty thinking and solving problems
Problems with learning and memory
Cardiovascular problems
Respiratory problems

18. Cocaine A white powder that comes from the leaves of a coca plant
Can be snorted, injected, or smoked
Side effects include
Increased heart rate
High blood pressure
Headache
Abdominal pain
Paranoia
Heart attack or stroke
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19. Crystal Meth A manufactured form of methamphetamine
Can be smoked, snorted, or injected
Side effects include
Erratic and violent behavior
Homicidal and suicidal thoughts
Severe anxiety and paranoia
Tooth decay and cracked teeth
Courtesy of the Drug Enforcement Administration

20. Bath salts are manufactured drugs that contain a stimulant called methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). What are some side effects of bath salts?
Paranoia
Chest pains
Headaches
Nausea
Hallucinations
Increased heart rate and blood pressure
Suicidal thoughts
Death

21. Hallucinogens Drugs that change a person’s perception of reality
LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)
Mescaline
Psilocybin
PCP (phencyclidine)
MDMA (meth, “Molly” or “ecstasy”)
Courtesy of the Drug Enforcement Administration

22. Heroin
Heroin is an opiate derived from morphine—a substance found in poppy plants
People who use heroin often develop a dependency on the drug
Heroin can have dangerous side effects
Courtesy of the Drug Enforcement Administration

23. Club drugs have no serious side effects.
Myth or Fact?
Club drugs have no serious side effects.
MYTH
Fact: Depending on the drug, side effects can include memory loss, impaired attention, delirium, intense drowsiness, coma, and death.
Fact: These drugs can also be addictive and have unpleasant withdrawal effects.

24. Anabolic Steroids
Some people use anabolic steroids illegally to help them gain strength and increase muscle size
Using anabolic steroids can cause serious side effects, including stunted growth in adolescents
Courtesy of the Drug Enforcement Administration

25. Inhalants
Chemicals that people breathe in to experience some type of high
Liquids (paint thinners, glue)
Aerosols (spray paints, vegetable oil sprays)
Gases (butane lighters)
Nitrites (butyl and amyl nitrites)
Can cause hypoxia and other serious side effects
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26. The Impact of Drugs on the Brain
Drugs contain chemicals that change the way nerve cells in the brain send, receive, and process information
Many drugs cause the brain to release abnormally large amounts of dopamine
Larger and larger amounts of the drug are required to achieve the same good feelings
This contributes to drug abuse

27. Drug Abuse
People who abuse drugs often experience many negative health consequences
Engaging in unsafe behaviors
Contracting an infectious disease
Being involved in an accident
Overdosing
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28. Critical Thinking Drug Abuse
Besides health problems, what are some other negative consequences of drug abuse?
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29. Drug Abuse and Addiction
Lesson 11.3
Drug Abuse and Addiction

30. Drug Addiction
A chronic disease that involves ongoing use of a drug regardless of harmful effects
Physical addiction: the body requires the drug to function normally
Psychological addiction: feeling an intense need or desire for a drug
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31. Risk Factors for Drug Abuse
A person’s genetic makeup is related to drug addiction
Self-medicating puts people at risk of developing drug addictions
Drug use at an early age makes a person more likely to become addicted
A person’s environment has an impact on his or her attitude toward drugs
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32. Strategies for Refusing Drugs
Knowing how to respond and what to say if someone offers you drugs can help you avoid them
Let others know that you expect them to respect your decision to not try drugs
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33. The Broader Impact of Drugs
The problems of drug abuse negatively impact friends and family
Drug abuse is costly for society
Healthcare costs
Criminal system costs
Unemployment
Homelessness
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34. Prevention of Drug Abuse
Drug addiction is a preventable disease
People who never try drugs cannot abuse them
Educating people about the hazards of drug use can help prevent drug abuse
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35. What types of programs are available to help treat drug abuse and addiction?
Residential treatment programs
Outpatient treatment programs
Skills-training programs
Support groups
Sober living communities

36. Helping Those Addicted to Drugs
Express your concern
Offer to help the person find help
Attend a meeting of a group that provides support to relatives and friends
Give the person the number of a help hotline
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