1. Explain the function of each of the four components (organs) of the circulatory system
Arteries:
Veins:
Heart:
Capillaries:

2. 4 parts to circulatory system
1. Heart: pump
2. Arteries: blood away from heart
3. Veins: blood toward heart
4. Capillaries: exchange: gasses, nutrients, waste, etc)

3. Fish
Not good at delivering more blood at times of exertion
Amphibian
Strong ventricle able to pump a lot of blood to body when needed
Prob: O2 and CO2 rich blood get mixed in common ventricle

4. No mixing between the two circuits Most efficient
Reptile
Partially divided ventricle sends most deoxygenated (CO2) blood to the lungs and most oxygenated blood goes to the body
Less Mixing
To body
To lungs
Bird / Mammal
No mixing between the two circuits
Most efficient
Delivers the highest O2 concentration to tissues
Most active creatures

5. Blood vessels have 3 layers
Epithelial lining (smooth)
Smooth muscle (regulates diameter)
Connective tissue (elastic fibers)

6. Explain the role of interstitial fluid (where does it come from
Explain the role of interstitial fluid (where does it come from? What does it do?)

7. Blood pressure forces water out of blood
Some of the water returns to blood directly, but some stays out in the tissues = Interstitial fluid

8. The lymphatic system is responsible for returning interstitial fluid back to the circulatory system
The immune system also resides inside the lymphatic system (lymph nodes)

10. Draw the “box heart” labeled diagram which shows a RBC going (“toe to toe”) through the human heart, lungs, and body

13. Pulmonary vs. systemic circuits

14. What is happening at each point of ECG?

15. Regulation of heart beat
The heart’s pacemaker is in the R atrium. It depolarizes at a rate of ~70 times/ sec
The pacemaker is wired to the atria first causing them to dump their blood into the ventricles
Then the electrical impulse hits the ventricles causing them to pump blood to the lungs and to the body

16. AV Node
SA Node

17. Explain what a blood pressure of 120/80 means

18. Systolic: Press wave from contraction of L. Ventricle
Blood Pressure
Systolic: Press wave from contraction of L. Ventricle
Diastolic: Press that resides in system due to elasticity of arteries

20. Why is having high blood pressure for a prolonged period of time dangerous?
What is a heart attack?

21. Cardiac diseases
Plaques form inside arteries (cholesterol, calcium, + fat deposit on endothelium)

22. Plaques lead to cardiovascular disease
A. Atherosclerosis (narrowing from plaque)
B. Arteriosclerosis (atheroscl. + plaque hardens due to calcification)
C. Stroke (narrowing blocks blood flow)
Hypertension (high blood pressure) damages blood vessels and allows plaques to form

23. Awesome Asian blood vessel graphics

24. What does each do in blood?
-RBC
-WBC
-Platelet

25. Blood has two components:

26. Carry oxygen to all of the body’s cells
Red Blood Cells
Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems
Carry oxygen to all of the body’s cells
Consist of an iron-containing protein called hemoglobin
Hemoglobin chemically binds with oxygen molecules and carries oxygen to the body’s cells.

27. Collect and stick to the vessel at the site of the wound
Platelets
Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems
Collect and stick to the vessel at the site of the wound
Release chemicals that produce clots at sites of vessel injury

28. Recognize disease-causing organisms
White Blood Cells
Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems
Recognize disease-causing organisms
Produce chemicals to fight the invaders
Surround and kill the invaders