1. World War II Vocabulary
Stereotype – Put something into a category or group and labeling it all the same.
Discrimination - Treat unfairly because of their race, gender, age, nationality.
Ethnocentrism – Thinking that one’s own race or culture is the best.
Scapegoat – A person getting the blame for other’s mistakes.

2. World War II The Road to World War II
On your own copy of this picture, add labels to explain what the cartoonist suggests Hitler is doing?
Who are the other people in this picture and what does the cartoonist think of them?

3. Between the Wars Germany’s Motivation 1. Treaty of Versailles
A. Germany lost land to surrounding nations
B. War Reparations
1) Allies collect $ to pay back war debts to U.S.
2) Germany must pay $57 trillion (modern equivalent)
3) Bankrupted the German economy & embarrassed Germans
Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau, and Woodrow Wilson during negotiations for the Treaty

4. 2. World-wide Depression
A. The Depression made Germany’s debt even worse
B. Desperate people turn to desperate leaders
1) Hitler seemed to provide solutions to Germany’s problems
2) Hitler provided scapegoats for Germany’s problems (foreigners, Jews, communists, Gypsies, mentally ill, homosexuals)

5. Rise of a New Government
Totalitarian Government = A government controlled by one person or a group of people without opposition (total control).
Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the state(political, military, economy, social, cultural)
Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms)
Strict controls and laws
Military state (secret police, army, military)
Censorship (opposing literature and ideas)
Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers, posters)
One leader (dictator); charismatic
Total conformity of people to ideas and leader
Terror and Fear

6. Benito Mussolini (Italy)
Dictator = Person who has seized power and control over the government and country.
Benito Mussolini (Italy)
Founded the Fascist party = a military-dominated government controls labor, business, trade (all aspects of society). He believed in extreme nationalism, limited the freedom of speech, arrested political opponents, and restricted voting rights.
“Fascism should rightly be called Corporatism, as it is the merger of corporate and government power.”

7. Emperor Hirohito (Japan)
Run by a military group - Hideki Tojo. Control country by fear. Believed to be related to a god. Wanted to create an empire less reliant on foreign imports.

8. Adolf Hitler (Germany)
Headed the National Socialist or Nazi Party and created The Third Reich= The Third Empire. He set industries to rearm Germany (violated Treaty of Versailles). He outlawed strikes, made mandatory military service, and prohibited non-Nazis from holding government positions.

9. Joseph Stalin (USSR/Russia)
Launched a radical, state-led industrialization drive. He ruthlessly seized Russian peasant lands for collective farming.
The strains industrialization were great and included massive famine, creation of forced labor camps, and political purges. It cost the lives of several million people. Even so, Stalin’s brutal methods produced a powerful industrial economy.
“Death is the solution to all problems. No man , no problem”

10. Have you ever been late to work?
Don’t copy!!!!!!!
Have you ever been late to work?
In the Stalin era, a person who arrived late to work three times could be sent to the Gulag for three years.
Have you ever told a joke about a government official?
In the Stalin era, many were sent to the Gulag for up to 25 years for telling an innocent joke about a Communist Party official.
If your family was starving, would you take a few potatoes left in a field after harvest?
In the Stalin era, a person could be sent to the Gulag for up to ten years for such petty theft.

11. Don’t copy!!!!!
Trying to feed her four hungry children during the massive famine, the peasant mother allegedly stole three pounds of rye from her former field—confiscated by the state as part of collectivization. Soviet authorities sentenced her to ten years in the Gulag. When her sentence expired in 1943, it was arbitrarily extended until the end of the war in After her release, she was required to live in exile near her Gulag camp north of the Arctic Circle, and she was not able to return home until 1956, after the death of Stalin. Maria Tchebotareva never found her children after her release.
Maria Tchebotareva

12. START OF WAR!!!
Japan
Japan felt that they had the right to start an overseas empire, just as European countries such as Britain and France had.
In 1931, Japan seized Manchuria, China, for its valuable coal and iron.

13. The League of Nations failed to help China.
In 1937, Japan began an all out attack on China, eventually conquering Korea and French Indo-China as well.
U.S. sold military to Japan and medical aid to China.
(Made $30 million)

14. Italy
Oct – Mussolini and Italy cross the Mediterranean Sea and invade Ethiopia.
1940- Italy invades Egypt.
Mussolini wanted to control the Mediterranean Sea and envisioned controlling the Suez Canal, a gateway to India and Asia.

15. Germany Hitler prepared for war and ordered the rearming of Germany.
Hitler visits a factory and is enthusiastically greeted. Many Germans were grateful for jobs after the misery of he depression years.

16. War in Europe
· 1936 – German troops move into the Rhineland, bordering France and Belgium.
· 1938 – Germany annexed Austria.
* Both of these actions violated the Versailles Treaty.

17. March 1936: German troops marched into the Rhineland
The Rhineland was a region of Germany that was ‘demilitarised’ after the Treaty of Versailles. Germany was not allowed to have troops in the region.
Hitler’s actions showed how he was willing to directly challenge the treaty.

18. Q: So What Was Hitler Asking For?
A: Return of German Speaking Lands
Nonaggression Pact: Russia allows the invasion of Poland. Stays out of the war, in return for 1/2 of Poland
Great Britain & France finally declare war on Germany
Hitler's triumphal entry into Danzig, Poland 1939

19. Stalin and Hitler
Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, Hitler and Stalin agreed not to attack one another.

20. Stalin and Hitler also agreed to divide Poland and Eastern Europe amongst themselves.
September 1, 1939 – Germany invaded Poland without having to fear of a Soviet attack.
* Two days later, Britain and France declared war on Germany.

21. Stalin
Hitler
The non-aggression pact was surprising. Hitler and Stalin were seen as natural enemies.
When Hitler talked of taking over new land for Germany, many thought that he meant Russia.
Hitler also hated Communism, the form of government in Russia

22. September 1939: Germany invaded Poland
But, the pact allowed Germany to march into Poland without fear of an attack from Russia.
On 3rd September 1939, Germany invaded Poland and started a War with Britain and France.
German troops marching into Warsaw, the capital of Poland.

23. In 1940, Germany used the “blitzkrieg” = lightning war
In 1940, Germany used the “blitzkrieg” = lightning war. Germany conquered Poland, Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium, and France.
Britain now stood alone as the last remaining enemy of Hitler’s Germany in Western Europe.
Adolf Hitler tours Paris after his successful invasion.

24. Should the U.S. get involved?
U.S. remained neutral. “Isolationism”= remain by ourselves, away from European and Asian conflicts.
Appeasement is "the policy of settling international quarrels by admitting and satisfying grievances through rational negotiation and compromise, thereby avoiding an armed conflict which would be expensive, bloody, and possibly dangerous."

25. Pro-war Or
Anti-war?

27. Axis Power
Germany
Japan
Italy
Allies
United States
Soviet Union
France
Great Britain

29. Quick Facts (write 2-3) A. War Costs
US Debt $9 billion US Debt $98 billion
The war cost $330 billion times the cost of WWI & as much as all previous federal spending since 1776

30. Quick Facts (write 2-3)
B. Human Costs

31. Quick Facts (write 2-3) B. Human Costs
50 million people died (compared to 15 million in WWI)
21.3 million Russians (7.7 million civilians)
11 million died as a result of the HOLOCAUST (6 million Jews + 5 million others)

32. Why? 4. Isolationism of Major Powers
B. This led to policies of “Appeasement”
1. Appeasement: give dictators what they want and hope that they won’t want anything else
2. Begins with Japanese invasion of Manchuria, Italian invasion of Ethiopia, and continues with Hitler . . .

33. Tasks
Firstly, use the timeline to indicate the order of events on your World War II maps.
Then answer the following questions:
In what ways did Hitler ignore the Treaty of Versailles?
At what stage do you think other countries should have attempted to stop Hitler by using force? Why do you think they did not?
How was Hitler able to take over Western Europe so quickly?
Why did he create problems for the German army by deciding to invade Russia?