1. The Civil War
Chapter 15

2. The Call to Arms
15.1

3. North Vs. South

4. Why did each side in the Civil War think the war would be won easily?
Discussion
Why did each side in the Civil War think the war would be won easily?

5. Lincoln calls for 75,000 troops
Lincoln asks the governers of the Union states for troops. Support was easy for Lincoln to get.
Some states even asked to send more troops than Lincoln requested!

6. More states secede

7. Kentucky and Missouri answered Lincoln in a similar way
Kentucky and Missouri were important to controlling the Ohio and Mississippi rivers.
Kentucky declared itself neutral.
Union generals wanted to occupy Kentucky, but Lincoln said no.
The Confederate forces later invaded and because of this Kentucky decided to stay with the Union.
Bye bye border states
Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia left the Union after Lincolns call for troops, saying they would not “furnish a single man to fight against [their] southern brothers.”
Kentucky and Missouri answered Lincoln in a similar way
Maryland and Delaware did not respond to Lincoln’s call for troops
50 counties in Virginia would not secede thereby joining the Union as West Virginia.

8. Problems in Missouri and Maryland
Missouri’s government sided with the South.
Union supporters set up their own state government.
Fighting broke out in the state.
Lincoln sent troops to contol the fighting.
Missouri stayed in the Union
Problems in Missouri and Maryland
Missouri and Maryland both supported slavery, but both were critical to the Union’s success in the war.

9. Problems in Missouri and Maryland
Southern sympathizers destroyed railroads and telegraph lines in Maryland.
Lincoln placed Maryland under Martial law.
Under Martial Law, the military is in charge and the citizens’ rights are suspended.
Maryland officials and others suspected of disloyalty were jailed without trials.
Problems in Missouri and Maryland
Missouri and Maryland both supported slavery, but both were critical to the Union’s success in the war.

10. North against south
The North and the South both wanted to win, and both had strong advantages as well as disadvantages.

11. Southern Advantage
The South did not have to win the war, they only had to outlast the North; the North had to conquer the South.
The South were fighting on their home turf, and had help from the local people.
Most of the USA’s experienced military leaders were from the South, so they fought for the Confederacy.

12. 110,000 out of 130,000 factories were located in the North.
Northern Advantage
110,000 out of 130,000 factories were located in the North.
The North had almost twice as much railroad.
2/3rds of the nations population was from the North. While more than 1/3rd of the population in the South were enslaved.
The North was able to supply a larger army.

13. Lincoln Vs. Davis
“You have no oath registered in heaven to destroy the Government, while I have the most solemn one to ‘preserve, protect, and defend it.”
“If this be denied to us [peaceful secession from the union] it will but remain for us, with firm resolve, to appeal to arms.”

14. Grant Vs. Lee
“There never was a time when, in my opinion, some way could not be found to prevent the drawing of the sword”
“The war... was an unnecessary condition of affairs, and might have been avoided if forbearance and wisdom had been practiced on both sides.””

15. Grant vs. Lee
history/videos/grant-or-lee

16. Strategies

17. Strategies North Hoped for a quick victory Isolate the South
Blockade seaports
The Anaconda Plan
Take Richmond, Virginia (the Confederate Capital)
South
Defend their land until the northerners got tired of fighting
Sought aid from Britain and other European nations
Use cotton as leverage to gain aid

20. How did the strategies on the two sides differ?

21. American vs. American Brother Vs. Brother
The Civil War pitted families against each other.
One senator, John Crittenden, had two sons in the war fighting on different sides.
Four of Mary Lincoln’s brothers, the President’s brothers-in-law, fought for the South.

22. Mary Ashton Livermore
“I had never dreamed that New England... could be fired with so warlike a spirit.”

23. Mary Chesnut
Men rushed to enlist in the army for “fear the war will be over before they could get a sight of the fun.”

24. Battle of Bull run

26. General Irvin McDowell (Union)
Took his 30,000 men and marched into Virginia on their way to capture the capital, Richmond
About the same number of Confederates were waiting
Hundreds of people came out to see the battle, expecting an easy Union victory.
In the battle the Union began to push forward
With the inspiration from “Stonewall” Jackson the South rallied, and the poorly trained Union soldiers began to panic
Battle Of bull run
During the battle of Bull Run, when the Union began to push forward, a confederate commander inspired his men to stand and fight.
“Look, there is Jackson with his Virginians, standing like a stone wall,” he shouted.
The southerners pushed back and caused the North to retreat
From then on he was known as “Stonewall” Jackson

27. Significance of bull run

28. A soldiers life Harsh conditions Camp conditions were miserable
From the cold, to the wet. Muddy roads and fields made marching difficult and sleeping even worse.
Lack of clean water
Diseases
It was not unusual for half the men in the regiment to be to sick to fight.
Prisoners of War
Both Sides built prison camps.
Almost 10% of the deaths in the war came from prison camps.
Elmira, NY, created to hold 5,000, was filled with 10,000 captured Confederates.
Andersonville, GA, created to hold 10,000 men, 35,000 Union soldiers were held there.

31. Most often prison camps were deathtraps
Prisoners of War
Most often prison camps were deathtraps
10% of the victims of war died in prison camps
Average 100 men died a day due to disease and starvation, especially in the Confederate prison

34. Early Years of the Civil War
15.2

35. New technology in the war
New and improved weapons made the Civil War more deadly than any war before.
More accurate rifles and cannons that reload quicker and had longer range made the generals tactics of charging
Generals were slow to realize this and thousands died.

36. New Technology in the war
“Ironclads”
Warships covered in iron plates
Confederates used ironclads to get past Union blockades
Yankees used ironclads to gain / keep control of the Mississippi River

37. Monitor vs Merrimack
The two ships fought to a draw because their cannons could not pierce the armor of the ships!

38. New Technology in the war

39. The War in the east
George McClellan was put