1. Depleted CMOS Pixel Detectors
for the LHC Upgrade
CERN
ATLAS Detector
Petra RIEDLER
CERN EP-DT
Thank you Jochen. After this many years of building and working with ATLAS and the ATLAS collaboration, I am very happy that I can talk about
a “likely” discovery of something new ... what I mean by likely, you weill see at the end.

2. Lake Geneva
CMS
ALICE
ATLAS

4. The Underground Cavern at Point-1 for the ATLAS Detector Length = 55 m
Width = 32 m
Height = 35 m

5. ATLAS Detector Length : ~ 46 m Radius : ~ 12 m Weight : ~ 7000 tons
~ 108 electronic channels
~ 3000 km of cables
Cost : ~ 500 Mio€ 5 5

6. ATLAS Cavern

8. ATLAS Collaboration (Status April 2008) 37 Countries 167 Institutions
2200 Scientific Authors total
(1750 with a PhD, 450 PhD students)
Albany, Alberta, NIKHEF Amsterdam, Ankara, LAPP Annecy, Argonne NL, Arizona, UT Arlington, Athens, NTU Athens, Baku, IFAE Barcelona, Belgrade, Bergen, Berkeley LBL and UC, HU Berlin, Bern, Birmingham, Bogota, Bologna, Bonn, Boston, Brandeis, Bratislava/SAS Kosice, Brookhaven NL, Buenos Aires, Bucharest, Cambridge, Carleton, Casablanca/Rabat, CERN, Chinese Cluster, Chicago, Chile, Clermont-Ferrand, Columbia, NBI Copenhagen, Cosenza, AGH UST Cracow, IFJ PAN Cracow, DESY, Dortmund, TU Dresden, JINR Dubna, Duke, Frascati, Freiburg, Geneva, Genoa, Giessen, Glasgow, Göttingen, LPSC Grenoble, Technion Haifa, Hampton, Harvard, Heidelberg, Hiroshima, Hiroshima IT, Indiana, Innsbruck, Iowa SU, Irvine UC, Istanbul Bogazici, KEK, Kobe, Kyoto, Kyoto UE, Lancaster, UN La Plata, Lecce, Lisbon LIP, Liverpool, Ljubljana, QMW London, RHBNC London, UC London, Lund, UA Madrid, Mainz, Manchester, Mannheim, CPPM Marseille, Massachusetts, MIT, Melbourne, Michigan, Michigan SU, Milano, Minsk NAS, Minsk NCPHEP, Montreal, McGill Montreal, FIAN Moscow, ITEP Moscow, MEPhI Moscow, MSU Moscow, Munich LMU, MPI Munich, Nagasaki IAS, Nagoya, Naples, New Mexico, New York, Nijmegen, BINP Novosibirsk, Ohio SU, Okayama, Oklahoma, Oklahoma SU, Oregon, LAL Orsay, Osaka, Oslo, Oxford, Paris VI and VII, Pavia, Pennsylvania, Pisa, Pittsburgh, CAS Prague, CU Prague, TU Prague, IHEP Protvino, Regina, Ritsumeikan, UFRJ Rio de Janeiro, Rome I, Rome II, Rome III, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, DAPNIA Saclay, Santa Cruz UC, Sheffield, Shinshu, Siegen, Simon Fraser Burnaby, SLAC, Southern Methodist Dallas, NPI Petersburg, Stockholm, KTH Stockholm, Stony Brook, Sydney, AS Taipei, Tbilisi, Tel Aviv, Thessaloniki, Tokyo ICEPP, Tokyo MU, Toronto, TRIUMF, Tsukuba, Tufts, Udine/ICTP, Uppsala, Urbana UI, Valencia, UBC Vancouver, Victoria, Washington, Weizmann Rehovot, FH Wiener Neustadt, Wisconsin, Wuppertal, Yale, Yerevan 8 8

9. the task

10. Pixel Detector (closest to collision point)
installation
a new invention/development for LHC
pixel camera with 40 MHz exposure rate
~15 years from idea to realization
space point resolution 10 µm x 100 µm
ATLAS
during construction
end cap
end cap
end cap
installed in ATLAS: May 2014
outermost cylinder (of 4)

11. Huge plans with silicon within HL-LHC Upgrade ...
HL-LHC trackers of ATLAS and CMS ~ 2 x 200 m2 silicon detectors (strips & pixels)
barrel
end cap
HGC = High Granularity Calorimeter (Hadron Global?) lead/copper/silicon sampling
1 x Handball Field
1/5 Fussball
1/7 American Football
4x Tennis

12. For the „Upgrade“: Pixel detector layout concepts
2 possible barrel concepts
Extended
Extend innermost barrel  cluster size may allow to reconstruct tracklets  seed fast track trigger with z0 and info
Challenges: broken cluster z0
Inclined
Sensors “perpendicular” to trajectories  reducing material seen by particles, potential reduction of barrel silicon area (9.30  6.52 m²) and services material (12.50  m²)
Challenges: How to build?
 Two possible implementations: Alpine / Slim
Npix
Teddy Todorov

13. Baseline: hybrid pixel detectors
ATLAS
CMS
All based on
Hybrid Pixels
ALICE
amplification by dedicated R/O chip
1-1 cell correspondence
rate and radiation robust!

14. ATLAS Pixel Module (Bump und Flip Chip Technology)
50µm pitch
hair
IZM
control cut
“bare” module
one of ~2000 built final modules with chips and ~ pixels

15. CMOS pixel program R (m)
1.0
0.5
0.0
R (m)
Goal: employ CMOS technology for pixel sensors
build (part of) the ATLAS tracking detector using CMOS pixels rather than hybrid
at first target layer 5
farthest away from hot collision zone
largest area (corresponding to ~500 wafers)
later: also target inner layers
ATLAS + CMS + ???
Depleted Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (DMAPS)

16. STREAM Marie Curie Training Network
The STREAM Project is the EU Funded Marie Curie Innovative Training Network for CMOS Sensor Development in the context of LHC experiments and for selected industrial applications
It will provide research and training in the fields of
Physics
Electronics
Sensor Design
System integration
STREAM offers 17 positions for the Early-stage researchers
Funded by EC – 4 years project duration ( )
STREAM Website:

17. STREAM and CMOS Sensors
STREAM programme is designed to address the scientific goals and provide a training programme for the STREAM researchers.
STREAM research and training work packages on
CMOS Technologies Assessment
Smart Sensor Design and Layout
Validation and Qualification
Technology Integration
Valorization

18. STREAM work packages

19. Summary
Our research is to develop “depleted CMOS Pixel Detectors” for particle detection in high particle rate and radiation applications like LHC.
Concrete target: HL-LHC upgrade ... ATLAS Detector
Time scale (present planning, delays possible): - R&D phase 2015 – 2019/20 - decision 2020/21 - building 2021 – installation 2024/25 - ready for data taking 2025/26
Applications of CMOS pixel detectors much beyond ATLAS and investigated in STREAM
other LHC detectors: ATLAS, CMS, LHCb, ALICE
other particle physics and nuclear physics experiments
X-ray and synchrotron radiation imaging
Electron microscope
Current progress is very steep!
TowerJazz fabricated the first radiationhard monolithic depleted CMOS pixel matrix with small electrodes for best analog performance.