1. Ms. Garratt – Honors World

2. Before the revolution French society and government was known as the Ancien Regime All the French belonged to 1 of 3 estates

3. What were the forces of change?
(1) Unequal class system
(2) Enlightenment ideas
(3) Economic Crisis
(4) Lavish lifestyle
(5) Debt crisis
(6) Weak leadership

4. First Estate - Clergy Only 1% of the population but owned 10% of land
Paid no direct taxes or taille but collected tithes
Clergy were usually nobles
Provided some social services such as running schools, hospitals, orphanages.
Intolerant of dissent, interfered in politics
Criticized enlightenment for undermining religion

5. Second Estate - Nobles Nobility
Occupied best jobs in government, army, courts & Church
2% of the population yet owned between 25-30% of the land
Paid no taxes

6. Third Estate 97% of the population Divided into three groups.
Peasants made up 75% of this estate
Urban workers
Bourgeoisie - middle class which consisted of bankers, lawyers, doctors,
industrialists,
They paid all the taxes

7. Third Estate Grievances
They paid all the taxes
Forced corvee
Only nobles allowed to hunt
Ancien regime did not make “enlightenment” sense

8. Deficit Spending =Financial Crisis
French Indian War
Seven Years War
American Revolution
Lavish court life
Marie Antoinette
To solve the financial crisis Louis XIV borrowed more money & raised taxes on third estate

9. Estates General
Nobles forced the King to summon the Estates because
Wanted to solve the economic problems and
Did not want higher taxes
Some nobles hoped this would be another Glorious Revolution of 1688
Disagreement over voting
Each estate had one vote which always favored 1st and 2nd estates

10. Formation of National Assembly
Clergyman, Sieyes suggests that 3rd estate form a National Assembly (NA) & pass & reform laws in the name of the French people.
3rd Estate did precisely that
Ended the absolute monarchy
Began representative democracy (1st deliberate act of the revolution)

11. Tennis Court Oath Creation of the National Assembly was bold step
3 days later they were locked out of their meeting place.
Broke down door to a tennis court
Took oath not to leave until they finished writing a constitution

13. Storming the Bastille
Parisians suspected the King might send troops to Paris. (July)
Parisians stormed the Bastille, a medieval fortress, to obtain weapons.
King lost support of the troops.
This event became symbol of the Fr Rev

14. Revolts Throughout France
Great Fear
Rumors led to violence throughout France
Destroying feudal records
Burning manors
Stealing food
National Guard
Formed by LaFayette
Hero of 2 worlds
Paris Commune
Became the political force of Paris
Sans-cullottes

15. Great Fear

17. Declaration of Rights & Man
Embodied principles from DOI, EBOR & US Constitution
Equality under the law
Purpose of gov
Natural rights
Freedom of religion & speech
Ended feudal privileges

18. March on Versailles
Due to bread shortage thousands of armed women marched to Versailles .
Met with king
King travelled back to Paris with them.
Why?

19. Civil Constitution of the Clergy
Why did the Nat’l Assembly confiscate Church property?
How was the Church hierarchy impacted by the CCC?
Implications for papal authority?
Who supported this shift in policy?
Who opposed it?
Will this irreparably harm the French Revolution?

20. New Constitution Constitutional Monarchy Legislative Assembly
Suffrage limited to tax paying male citizens
Reformed laws
Forbade labor unions
Compensated nobles for confiscated property

21. Factionalism Once new gov was created it was divided by factionalism
Conservatives
Royalists
Emigres
Peasants
Moderates
LaFayette & his National Guard
Limited Monarchists
Radicals
Jacobins
Sans-cullottes
Paris Commune

22. Royal Family & Supporters
Foreign powers
Feared the French plague
Emigres (nobility) fled
Convinced Louis XVI he was in danger
Escape thwarted at Austrian Netherlands
Increased suspicion of King
Some believe that “sealed his fate”
Fear by foreign monarchs that “plague” would spread.
Austria & Prussia demand that Louis be restored
Austria issues Declaration of Pilnitz
France declares war

23. Radical Second Phase
War heightened suspicions
Rumors flew
September massacre
Radicals pressured the Legis Assy which dissolved the Constitution and called for new gov ---National Convention
Established republic
Jacobins take control
Try and execute King

24. End sections 1 & 2