1. Revolution Brings Reform and Terror

2. Essential Questions
Why do you believe that the early 1790s was called the reign of terror? Why do you believe that they used violence to get their way?

3. Main Idea:
The revolutionary govt. of France made reforms but also used terror and violence to retain power
Why It Matters Now:
Some governments that lack the support of the majority of their people still use fear to control their citizens

4. Background
The Great Fear spread chaos throughout France
Nobles and Clergy meet with the National Assembly to agree on a new government

5. The Assembly Reforms France
National Assembly, declared:
All citizens (men) of France EQUAL.
Declaration of the Rights of Man
Copied from Bill of Rights. *Protect the rights of the people.
Freedom of speech, religion, equal rights, etc.
DID NOT ADDRESS WOMEN

6. Begin to oppose reforms of National Assembly
3. Church land sold
Pay off France’s debt to other Euro nations
Church now a part of the state, many alarmed
Pope loses power to government
* Peasants, who are devout Catholics, offended
Begin to oppose reforms of National Assembly
(June 1791) Louis XVI tries to flee France and is caught
Placed on house arrest

7. Divisions Develop (1791) Louis XVI Constitution is written
New Government
Constitution is written
Limited Constitutional Monarchy
Legislative Assembly Created
Create laws, declare war
King has little authority
Power to enforce laws
Louis XVI

8. Problems within society plague govt.
Govt. debt, food shortages
3 new political groups form within Legislative Assembly:
Radicals (Jacobins): lots of change, no king
Moderates: small changes
Conservatives: don’t change anything! We like the king.

9. War and Execution European Kings feared Revolution
Feared democracy would spread
Austria and Prussia demand Louis XVI be returned to throne
France declares war April 1792
France suffers, but defends itself
Prussian forces march toward Paris
Prussia
France

10. National Convention (1792) Representative All citizens can vote
Radicals (The Jacobins) dissolve National Assembly, new government called
National Convention (1792)
Representative
All citizens can vote
King has no power
Jacobins Takes Over

11. Jacobins execute the King War still continues
Use the guillotine
War still continues
Great Britain, Spain, Holland join against French
National Convention drafts 300,000 men to fight
French Guillotine

12. Terror Grips France
Max Robespierre (Jacobin) takes power in National Convention (1792)
2 Groups Form :
Republic of Virtue: eliminate all traces of old governments
Closed churches, new calendar, no Sundays
Monarchy abolished

13. Committee of Public Safety
Executes 40,000 people who are against the Republic of Virtue, or are suspected.
This period called the REIGN OF TERROR
Queen executed
No one is safe
Robespierre accuses many Jacobins (enemies of the State)

15. End of the Terror Robespierre executed by his own people
New government formed 1794
Directory
5 male leaders Corrupt
2 houses of legislature
Appoint Napoleon Bonaparte as general

16. Warm Up
Declaration of the Rights of A) Radical group within the National assembly man ____
Max. Robespierre ____ B) Gov. that was created by the Jacobins after the National Assembly was dissolved
Jacobins ____ C) Created by the 3rd Estate after the Tennis court oath
National Assembly _____ D) Spearheaded the French Rev. and caused the Reign of Terror
National Convention ____ E) Document that gave Rights and Equality to the citizens of France
What caused the peasants to oppose many of the reforms against the church?
What political factions made up the Legislative Assembly (National Assembly)?
What did European monarchs fear from France?