1. Quiz 2 Review Lesson 2: City-states & Greek Culture Election Week
Lesson 3: Golden Age

2. Lesson 2
TO BE GREEK

3. Athens : Government
In 594 B.C., Athenians asked a leader names Solon to make reforms in the government.
Solon divided the people of Athens into classes based on wealth instead of birth inheritance.
People with the most wealth became part of the ruling class.
After the “Dark Ages”, Athens was ruled by an aristocracy.
Leaders would struggle together for control of the city-state.

4. Athens : Government
More reforms were made in 508 B.C. when Cleisthenes, one of the leaders, opened the government to all free men 18 years of age or older.
He created a new council.
Each year an election or draw was held to select a council of 500 male citizens.
This system of government was known as the first form of democracy.
Cleisnthenes’ reforms gave every adult male a chance to serve in the government.

5. To Be Greek
Each city-state was independent from each other. As a result they did not think of each other as a country.
Each city-state had a cultural identity that connected them with other city-states.
Greeks were set apart from the other people living in the Mediterranean region because the believed they were different from everyone else..
Anyone who could not speak Greek was considered a Barbarian.

6. To Be Greek: Mythology
All the people of the different city-states shared common ancestor.
His name was Hellen
This is why they called there “country” the Hellas
The people called them selves Hellenes.
*Known to us as Greeks*
The Hellenes believed that there god controlled events both in nature and in human life.
Zeus: Leader of the Gods
Athena: Goddess of wisdom and warfare
Aphrodite: Goddess of love and beauty.
Hermes: The messenger of Gods

7. To Be Greek: Olympics
Greeks were united by activities like the Olympics.
The Olympic Games were held every 4 years to honor Zeus.

8. To Be Greek
Q: What common cultural identities brought the city-states together as Greeks?
Answer:
Religion
Mythology
Language
Olympic Games

9. Election Week
Election Week

10. Word Definition Ballot Candidate Campaign Debate Democracy
A piece of paper listing the candidates running for office. A ballot is used to cast a vote.
Candidate
A person who is running for office in an election.
Campaign
A series of political actions (like advertisements, public appearances, and debates) that are used to help a candidate get elected to office.
Debate
A formal, public political discussion involving two or more candidates for office. In a debate, candidates state and defend their positions on major issues.
Democracy
A form of government in which people/citizens hold the power.

11. Word Definition Election Landslide Nominee Party Platform
A process in which people vote to choose a leader or to decide on an issue.
Landslide
An overwhelming majority of votes for one party or candidate in an election.
Nominee
A person who is selected as a candidate for elections.
Party
A group of persons with common purposes or opinions who support one side of a dispute, question, debate, etc. Usually used in political elections.
Platform
A public statement of principles, objectives, and policy of a political party. Usually put forth by a representative or candidate of a party.

12. Word Definition Poll President Vice President Vote
A survey of people (usually voters) that is taken to find out which candidate or issue they might vote for.
President
An officer appointed or elected to manage or lead an organized body of persons.
Vice President
Second in command to the President.
Vote
A formal expression of opinion or choice made by an individual or body of individuals.

13. EAIS Class President Election Process
Get to know your party.
Select a nominee from each party.
Nominee’s introduce themselves to the class on a platform.
A vote is taken to decide on the 2 Presidential Candidates.
Presidential Candidates and their party campaign to be elected.
Final Speech.
Voting

14. How To Make A Party.
In our class election we will be divided into 4 parties. Each party will have a common opinion or ideal.

15. A person who is selected as a candidate for elections.
How to Select a Nominee.
As a party you will see who is interested in becoming the Class President.
This person should have the right idea of your parties beliefs and have solutions to the issues that matter to your party.
When someone is elected, the party will then have a representative known as the Nominee.
A person who is selected as a candidate for elections.

16. Nominee Introduction Speech
This is a chance for each nominee to introduce themselves to the class as a whole.
The Nominee’s speech should be appealing to the citizens of the class.
Should mention issues that matter and solution.
Should mention what skills he/she have to be Class President.

17. Selecting the Final Candidates.
We, the class, will vote on who we believe should be running for Class President. This is according to the which nominee was more relatable and convincing.

18. The Campaign!
A series of political actions (like advertisements, public appearances, and debates) that are used to help a candidate get elected to office.

19. The Debate/Speech
This speech is a chance for the Candidates to express how they will make their class better.
This is also a chance for the class to ask the Candidate questions and see how he/she responses.

20. The Vote.

21. Lesson 3
The Golden age

22. What is the Golden Age?
Historians use the phrase “Golden Age” to describe the time when people or civilization’s art, architecture, literature, and science is at its best.
The Golden Age existed in the Classical Greek civilization for about years (a century) from 490 B.C. to 390 B.C.

23. The Persian Wars
In the beginning of the 500’s B.C. the city-states came together due to a common enemy.
For hundreds of years the Greek city-states fought over land and trade.
Who was the common enemy that brought the Greek people together?
Persia.

24. The Persian Empire
During the century that the city-states were fighting with each other for land and trading, the Persians were building a huge empire.
This Persian Empire included:
Assyria
Babylonia
Egypt
& the Greek city-states in Asia Minor.
In 490 B.C., the Persian king, Darius I decided to try to invade Greece’s mainland (The Balkan and Peloponnesus Peninsula).
Darius I, the king of the Persian Empire.

25. The Persian Empire

26. The Persian Wars: Battle of Marathon
Athens vs Persians
Location: plain of Marathon
Winner: Athens
Date: 490 B.C.
Fact: A messenger ran from Marathon to Athens to report the amazing victory.

27. The Persian Wars: Battle of Salamis
Greek city-states vs Persians
Location: At sea near the island of Salamis and on land at Plataea.
Winner: Greek city-states
Date: 480 B.C.
Fact: The Persian forces, outnumbered the Greeks, yet the Greek still won.

28. The Greek Leagues Peloponnesian League Delian League Lead by Athens
Lead by Sparta.
Consists of southern city-states.
Delian League
Lead by Athens
Consists of city-states from Attica, Asia Minor, and some of the Aegean Islands.

29. The Age of Pericles
Pericles was a relative of Cleisthenes, the Athenian leader who had taken governing authority away from the aristocracy and given it to the city-state’s assembly.
After the Persian War, Pericles wanted to continue making reforms to the Athenian democracy.
Athens was led by Pericles during the time of the Golden Age.
Pericles was a member of the city-state’s wealthy ruling class.

30. The Age of Pericles
In 460 B.C., Pericles was elected as a leader in the Athenian Government.
Over the next 30 years, Pericles made many changes to the Athenian government.
How did Pericles change government in Athens?
He introduced pay for public officials.
He opened offices to male citizens in all classes.

31. “No one is prevented from being of service to the state because of being poor.”
- Pericles

32. Achievements of the Golden Age
The beauty of the city of Athens became an important cultural center.
Pericles was a patron of learning, the arts, and writing.
He hired the best architects and artists to build and decorate temples, theaters, and other public buildings.

33. Achievements of the Golden Age
Writers:
Herodotus
An early historian
Sophocles
Wrote tragedies which were serious plays with unhappy endings.
Aristophanes
Wrote comedies which were plays design to make people laugh.

34. Achievements of the Golden Age
During the Golden Age, scientist studied nature and human life.
Some of there research changed the way people viewed there world.
One the greatest scientists at the time was Hippocrates.
He proved that illnesses came from natural causes.
People at that time believed that illnesses were punishment from the Greek Gods.
Hippocrates is best remembered for this “rules of behavior” that he wrote for doctors known as the Hippocrates Oath.
This oath is still used today by doctors.

35. The End of the Golden Age
What events brought to the end of the Golden Age?
The Peloponnesian War
The Plague
The Rise of demagogues

36. The End of the Golden Age: Peloponnesian War
Pericles wanted to make Athens not only the “ school of Greece” but also the most powerful city-states
As a result he started conquering lands in Egypt .
He also forces his allies from the Delian League to pay tribute as a price for peace and protection.
The Spartans did not like the that Athens was growing in power, so they cut off friendly relations.
In 431 B.C. Sparta and the Peloponnesus League went to war against Athens and the Delian League.
This was the start of the Peloponnesian war.

37. The End of the Golden Age: The Plague
In 430 B.C. , still during the Peloponnesian war, a plague spread out in Athens.
It killed many people including ¼ of the Athenian army and Pericles himself.

38. The End of the Golden Age: Demagogues
These new leaders made promises they could not keep and as a result the led the assembly to make poor decisions.
These decisions began to weaken the city-state of Athens.
For the next 27 years, the Peloponnesian and Delian Leagues fought each other.
Since Pericles was no longer alive, the people of Athens and its assembly started following demagogues.

39. End of the Golden Age
Since the Athenians were no longer strong enough to be in power, Athens surrendered to Sparta in the Peloponnesian War.
Sparta quickly replaced the Athenian democracy with an Oligarchy like their own.
The Athenians were not happy with the new system and soon rebelled.
For a short time Athens returned to a democracy once again.
This was the end of the Peloponnesian war.

40. DON’T FORGET TO STUDY ALL YOUR VOCABULARY!
GOOD LUCK KIDS! YOU CAN DO IT!