1. The Makings of War

2. North v. South: Economy North: South: High immigration
Access to railroads
Industry: Manufactured goods
Abolitionists: A group of people opposed to slavery
South:
A small group of wealthy farm owners
Plantation farming: A large farm where slave laborers grow crops
Slaves: African Americans who worked without pay and had limited freedom

3. The North

4. The South

5. North v. South: Slavery North: South:
Believed white people were superior to African Americans
Opposed slavery
The presence of slaves took away job opportunities from white people
South:
Believed white people were superior to African Americans
Supported slavery
The presence of slaves offered free labor

6. Mason-Dixon Line
Divides the North from the South

8. Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny: The common belief in the United States that the U.S. was destined to expand from coast to coast

9. Manifest Destiny
What do you think are the consequences of manifest destiny?

10. The Mexican American War
1846: The United States went to war with Mexico
The U.S. won more territory
The problem: Do these territories become “free” or “slave”?
The Gadsden Purchase

11. Free or slave? What are the advantages of slave labor?
What are the disadvantages of slave labor?

12. The Wilmot Proviso
Northerners proposed the Wilmot Proviso which declared that slavery must be outlawed in all territory gained from the Mexican American War.
Congress never passed it as a law, but it upset the South

13. The Compromise of 1850
The people of California (The Gold Rush) wanted to become a “free” state
If California became a free state, then the Southern states would be in the minority
The Compromise of 1850 (3 parts):
California became a “free” state
Congress couldn’t pass any laws banning slavery in any other territories won in the Mexican American War

14. The Compromise of 1850
3. The Fugitive Slave Act declared that all runaway slaves were to be captured and brought back to their owners in the south
Intended to help slave owners
Upset Northerners who had to track slaves down

15. Kansas-Nebraska Act Organization of the Nebraska Territory
Proposed by Stephen Douglas
Planned to split the territory into two parts
Kansas
Nebraska
Popular sovereignty: Residents of these territories would vote to be a “free” territory or a “slave” territory
Upset Northerners who feared slavery would spread

17. Violence
Bleeding Kansas: Pro-slavery settlers rushed into the Kansas territory, and 5,000 Missouri residents voted illegally for proslavery representatives
Antislavery settlers rejected the elected government and caused uprisings against proslavery settlers

18. Violence
Bleeding Sumner: In May of 1856, Senator Charles Sumner gave a speech against slavery which insulted Senator A.P. Butler
Preston Brooks, a relative of A.P. Butler marched into Congress and beat Sumner with a cane causing severe injuries
Praised by the South as an honorable action

20. Politics: Slavery
As a result of the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the rising violence between the North and the South, slavery became the primary political debate of the 1856 presidential election

21. Politics: Slavery
The Republican Party: Created in 1854 to oppose slavery
Presidential nominee: John C. Fremont
The Democratic Party: Supported states rights which gave every state the right to choose to have slavery
Presidential nominee: James Buchanan

22. Presidential Election of 1856

23. Presidential Election of 1856
Though Buchanan won, the election proved that the U.S. was split over one issue
Slavery

24. The Breaking Point The Dred Scott decision
Dred Scott, an African American slave, sued for his freedom because he had lived in several “free” territories during his time as a slave
The decision:
African Americans, whether or not they are slaves, can never become American citizens
Slave owners who move into “free” territories can’t have their property taken from them
Northerners became outraged

25. Lincoln-Douglas Debate
Abraham Lincoln v. Stephen Douglas compete for the Illinois U.S. Senate seat
Lincoln: Slavery is “a moral, a social, and a political wrong.”
Douglas: “The people have the lawful means to introduce it (slavery) or exclude it as they please”

26. Abraham Lincoln
“A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure, permanently, half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved; I do not expect the house to fall’ but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other.”

27. “A House Divided”
Where did Lincoln get the statement, “A house divided against itself cannot stand”?
The Bible
Why do you think he chose to quote the Bible?

28. The Winner Stephen Douglas wins
Lincoln becomes the figurehead of the Republican Party and will become their presidential nominee in the 1860 election

29. John Brown’s Raid
1859: John Brown led a raid on Harpers Ferry in an attempt to arm slaves and overthrow the U.S. arsenal in Virginia.
Unsuccessful
Brown was caught, found guilty of treason, and hanged
His death fueled antislavery and caused Northerners to despise the South.

31. Presidential Election of 1860
Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln
The Southern Democrats left the Democratic Party to protect slavery
Southern Democrats nominated John Breckinridge who supported slavery and secession
Northern Democrats nominated Stephen Douglas who defeated Lincoln in the 1858 Illinois U.S. Senate race
The Constitutional Party, whose single goal was to keep the Union together, nominated John Bell

32. 1860 Presidential Election
John Breckinridge
Abraham Lincoln
Stephen Douglas
John Bell

33. Taking Sides
Using your notes, depict the following information on your region’s poster and prepare to share it with the class.
Economy (how your region makes money)
View on slavery
States located in your region
Events that upset your region
Important people who support your region
Important terms (abolitionist, manifest destiny, etc)