1. The French revolution

2. Stage one: preconditions
The three estates
Estates’ fight for power
New democracy

3. Preconditions: the three estates
The French society was divided into three estates.
The first estate, the clergy; the second estate, the nobility; and the third estate, the peasants and the middle-class.

4. Preconditions: fight for power
The bourgeoisie who belonged to the third estate resented the power of the first and second estates.
The clergy and the aristocrats had too much power and privileges in everything.

5. Preconditions: New democracy
the bourgeoisie and some nobles wanted some form of democracy similar to England.

6. Stage two: crisis - causes
Absolute government
Inefficient government
Financial difficulties
Social cause
Enlightenment philosophers
American revolution

7. Causes: absolute government
Disadvantages for the people in third estates and advantages for the people in the first and second estate.
The king ruled with absolute power.

8. Causes: inefficient government
the government is corrupted.
The king did not know how to rule.
Unfair system.
The laws did not benefited the third estate.

9. Causes: financial difficulties
France went bankrupt.
Large sum of money was used in wars and the royalty used the workers’ income to buy expensive things.
The first and second estate did not pay taxes.

10. Causes: social cause Unfair economic system.
Many advantages for the first and second estate.
The middle class resented the power of the nobility.

11. Causes: enlightenment philosophers
Voltaire, montesquie, rousseau criticized the government and enlightened the people of the third estate.
They believed that people should have equal rights.

12. Causes: American revolution
The king helped the Americans in the war and the France lost a huge sum of money.
The soldiers returned from the war with democratic ideas.

13. Stage three: moderate phase - components
Estates general
National assembly and tennis court oath
Fall of the bastille
Great fear
National assembly in Versailles
Declaration of the rights of man and the citizen
March on the Versailles
National assembly in Paris
Louis xvi and family flee to Varennes
Legislative assembly convenes

14. Moderate phase: estates general
May 5 – June 27, 1789
The 1st and 2nd estates has more power in voting than the 3rd estate.
The estates general were called due to bankrupt.
The nobility and clergy did not agree to pay taxes.

15. Moderate phase: the national assembly and the tennis court oath
June 17-20, 1789
The people of the third estate went to the tennis court and made the national assembly.
They made an oath that they wouldn’t stop meeting unless the France have formed a new form of government
The two estates was forced to back down and join the national assembly

16. Moderate phase: fall of the bastille
July 14, 1789
Many complained about the high price of the bread and mobs began attacking the city’s prison.
Louis sent mercenary troops to paris and Versailles.
Many people attacked the bastille.
The bastille was captured and they freed the prisoners
Louis retreated his mercenaries, the national guard was formed.

17. Moderate phase: great fear
July-august 1789
Peasants believed that the king’s soldiers and nobles would stop the revolution.
Peasants burned the nobles’ chateaux, killed people, and burned feudal certificates.

18. Moderate phase: national assembly in Versailles
August 4, 1789
National assembly abolished feudal rights and privileges.
Declared people are equal before the law.
Ended the three estates system.

19. Moderate phase: declaration of the rights of man and the citizen
August 26, 1789
A document that insists the basic human rights (freedom of thought, speech, religion, security, and property) and limits the power of the government.
Contains ideas taken from the philosophers.

20. Moderate phase: march on Versailles
October 5-6, 1789
Many women was angered due to food crisis.
Women marched and reached the Versailles, attacked and stormed the palace covered in mud.
King and queen went back to paris.
National assembly relocated to Paris.

21. Moderate phase: national assembly in Paris
1789 – 1791
National assembly is working on a new constitution.
Noble titles were abolished. Everyone is now “citizen”.
Government seized control of the church.
Aristocrats departed to other countries.

22. Moderate phase: the escape of the royal family to VarenNes
Louis and his family escaped in disguised as servants.
The king wanted to restore his powers.
They were caught at VarenNes, arrested, and imprisoned.

23. Moderate phase: legislative assembly convenes
October 1, 1791
They failed to make it a workable government.
Many groups was struggling for power, some wanted republic, some wanted constitutional monarchy, and some wanted to restore the king’s power.

24. Stage four: radical phase - components
Girondist versus jacobins
France declares war on Austria
National convention trial and execution of louis xvi

25. Radical phase: girondist versus jacobins
1792
Many saw the girondist as too conservative.
The jacobins became radical.
The two factions fought for power and the jacobins won.

26. Radical phase: France declares war on Austria
April 20, 1792
France was about to get attacked by other forces.
French lost the battle, however they did not lose hope.
They won a victory at Valmy.

27. Radical phase: national convention trial and execution of louis xvi
January 21, 1793
The national convention decided for the king to go to a trial.
The king was now called “citizen louis carpet” because he was found guilty.
He was guillotined.

28. Stage five: extreme phase – components
Reign of terror
Robespierre and the national convention
Execution of Robespierre

29. Extreme phase: reign of terror
1793 – 1794
All the people that opposed the revolution was imprisoned.
Food speculators was bought to the guillotine.
People who stood up to the government got executed.

30. Extreme phase: Robespierre and the national convention
Robespierre passed down laws that destroyed the opposition to the government.
New schools and universities were built.
He confiscated the properties of the emigres.
Introduced the metric system and the revolutionary calendar

31. Extreme phase: execution of robespierre
July 27, 1794
He was condemned .
After he failed to shoot himself, he was quickly arrested and was bought to the national razor.
The reign of terror ended along with him.

32. Stage six: readjustment and restoration phase
Thermidoreans
directory

33. Readjustment and restoration phase: thermidoreans
Named after the 11th month in the revolutionary calendar.
Replaced the jacobins.
Wanted to bring peace to the revolution.

34. Readjustment and restoration phase: directory
Replaced the rule of Robespierre.
Controlled by middle class.
Gave most of the power to the people with property.
ABOLISHED THE CITIZEN TITLE.

35. ~end~